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Chapter 13 Flashcards

0
Q

The combination of widespread religious energy and fervent social idealism brought

A

Major reforms and advances in human rights during the first half of the 19th century

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1
Q

Christian activists assumed that the US had a

A

God-mandated virtue to provide the world example of republican virtue

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2
Q

Enlightenment rationalism stressed

A

Humankind’s inherit goodness rather than its depravity and encouraged a belief in social progress and the promise of individual perfectibility

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3
Q

French revolution increased

A

Deism

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4
Q

Buy the use of reason deists could

A

Grasp the natural laws governing the universe

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5
Q

Unitarianism is

A

The belief that emphasized the oneness and benevolence of a loving God, humankind, and the primacy over religious creeds and organized churches

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6
Q

Unitarians believed Jesus was not

A

Divine

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7
Q

Universalism was

A

Founded by John Murray and focuses on the salvation of people, not just a selected few

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8
Q

Anglicanism was on the

A

Demise

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9
Q

What sparked the Second Great Awakening?

A

Fears of secularism

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10
Q

Timothy Dwight helped

A

Spark the Second Great Awakening

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11
Q

What Protestant denominations sparked after SGA?

A

Baptists and Methodists

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12
Q

What was the main message of SGA?

A

Salvation is available to everyone

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13
Q

SGA in the frontier had two religious phenomena

A

The backwoods circuit-riding teacher and the camp meeting

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14
Q

Women especially flocked to

A

These events

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15
Q

Presbyterianism was entrenched among

A

The Scots-Irish

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16
Q

The Baptists embraced

A

A simplicity of doctrine and organization that appealed especially to the rural people

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17
Q

Baptists theology was grounded in the

A

Infallibility of the Bible and the recognition of human depravity

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18
Q

The Methodists shared with the Baptists that

A

The belief that everyone could gain an act of free will, established a much more centralized church structrue

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19
Q

Methodists developed

A

The traveling minister on horseback

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20
Q

The largest camp meetings tended to be

A

Ecumenical affairs

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21
Q

Dwelling in camp meetings distorts an activity

A

That offered a redemptive social outlet to isolated rural folk

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22
Q

Evangelical ministers repeatedly applauded the

A

Spiritual energies of women and affirmed their right to give public witness to the faith

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23
Q

The energies of the revivals helped spread a more

A

Democratic faith among people

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24
Finney wrestled with the question of
What role can the individual play in earning salvation
25
Finney's answer
The sinner must choose salvation by embracing the promises of Jesud
26
Finney compared bis theatrical methods with those of campaigning
Politicians who used advertising and showmanship to attract attention
27
Finney organized social reform groups that
Wanted to reform social ills: including alcoholism and slavery
28
How was the book of mormon discovered?
Reported an angel named Moroni led him to a hillside near his father's farm and unearthed golden tablets
29
What did Mormons believe?
No hell, rejected all other dominations, and the Second coming was imminent
30
In result to the persecution of Mormons,
Moved to Commerce, Illinois
31
By the end of 1848, the Mormons had developed
An efficient irrigation system and brought greening to the desert
32
Immanuel Kant
Gave the transatlantic Romantic movement a summary definition in the title of his Critique of Pure Reason. Emphasized the limits of science and reason
33
Transcendentalism was a reaction against
Calvinist Orthodoxy and the corpse cold rationalism of Unitarianism
34
What Was the truest piety
A pure form of personal spirituality, which had been corrupted by religion
35
Harmony with
Nature. Realize divine potential in God's teachers
36
Emerson was determined to
Transcend the limitations of inherited conventions and rationalism in order to penetrate the inner recesses of the self
37
Thoreau displayed a sense of uncompromising
Integrity, outdoor vigor, and prickly individuality
38
Thoreau did not live life as a hermit, as he
Often welcomed guests and came to them for dinner
39
Thoreau and the other transcendentalism taught a powerful lesson:
People mist follow their conscience
40
Transcendentalists portrayed the movement as
A profound expression of moral idealism, critics dismissed it as egotism
41
in the 1840 census,
78% of the population could read and write, and 91% of the white population could read and white
42
Most children were taught to read
In church or in private dame schools
43
The Workingmen's party of Philly argued that education
Would improve manners and at the same time reduce crime rate
44
Horace Mann did what?
Led the early drive for statewide school systems. He prompted the public school system as the way to achieve social stability and equal oppurtunity
45
North Carolina led the way in
State supported education
46
South continued to reflect the
Aristocratic pretensions. The south had more college students than other region, but smaller public schools
47
However, conditions for public education was
Seldom ideal.
48
Boston English High School was the first free
Public secondary school, set up mainly for those students who don't plan on attending college
49
By law in 1827, Mass. required
A high school in every town over 500, and in towns over 4000 college preparatory course like Latin, Greek, and rhetoric
50
The urge to eradicate evil had its roots in the widespread sense of
Spiritual zeal and moral mission, which on turn drew upon the growing faith in human perfectibility promoted by both revivalists and Romantic idealsists
51
The rise of an urban middle class offered affluent
Women greater time to devote to social emotions
52
The american society for the promotion of temperance, which
Organized lectures, press campaigns, an essay contest, and the formation of local and state societies
53
The absolutists of temperance
Would brook no compromise with Demon Rum and carried the day with a resolution that liquor was evil and ought to prohibited by law
54
Asylums arose
To treat and cure social ills, a result of Romanticism
55
What would the penitentiary do?
Where the guilt experience penitence and underwent rehabilitation, not punishment
56
The discipline offered at Auburn Penitentiary (isolation)
Had a beneficial effect on the prisoners and saved money
57
The insane were usually
Confined at home with hired keepers or jails in almshouses
58
Catherine Beecher did what?
A leader in the education movement and founder of women's schools in Connecticut and Ohio, and published A Treatise on Domestic Economy, prescribing the domestic sphere for women
59
According to some, a middle class home gave women a
Sphere of independence in which they might exercise a degree of initiative and leadership
60
Who were the two moral reformers and advocates of women's tights?
Laucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
61
What did the Seneca Falls Convention emphasize
A part in the Declaration of Independence called Declaration of Sentiments. All men and women are created equal
62
Seneca Falls represented an
Important first step
63
Still, after women could control their own property, women were in
Nursing or teaching
64
Believing religious fervor to be a sign of inspiration from the Holy Ghost, Mother Ann Lee
And her followers had strange fits in which they saw visions and prophesied. They had a dance, hence the name shakers
65
Shaker doctrine held God to a dual personality:
In christ the masculine side was manifested, and mother ann the feminist side
66
Shakers farms were among the
Leading sources of garden seed and medical herbs while their manufactured goods, were prized for their simple beauty
67
What did John Humphrey Noyes believe in?
That sexual intercourse can be practiced by all of the community
68
Brook Farm grew out of the
Transcendentalist movement
69
Brook Farms' residents would share
The tasks of maintaining the buildings, tending the fields, and preparing the fields
70
Utopian communities quickly ran out of
Steam
71
The communal social experiments, performed in relative isolation, had
Little effect on the outside world, where reformers wrestled worh the sins of the multitude
72
The American Colonization Society proposed to
Return freed slaves to Africa
73
Why did some support this?
It would bolster slavery by getting rid of free blacks
74
Lloyd Garrison launched the
Liberator
75
During the 1830s Garrison became the nations's most
Fervent foe of slavery
76
Who made up Garrison's army?
Evangelical Christians
77
Who funded the abolitionist papers
Arthur and Lewis Tappan
78
The American Anti Slavery Society created a
National network of newspapers, offices, chapters, and activists
79
What did the society stressed
Slaveholding is a heinous crime in the sight of God
80
What did David Walker do?
Published Walker's Appeal, which denounced the hypocrisy of Christians in the slaveholding south
81
Other reformers saw the American Society as
Fundamentally sound and concentrated on purging it from slavery
82
Sarah and Angelina Grimké provoked
The Congregational Clergy of Mass. to chastise them for engaging in unfeminine activity
83
Douglass started an abolitionist newspaper for blacks, the
North Star
84
What was the Underground Railroad?
Grew into a vast system of secret routes and safe stopping places thag concealed runaways and spirited them to freedom,
85
Harriet Tubman risked
Everything to venture back to the South 19 times and helped three hundred slaves escape
86
Sojourner Truth was able to speak about
The evils of peculiar institution and the inequality of women
87
Truth also tapped the
Distinctive energies that women brought to reformist causes
88
One shrewd strategy was to deluge
Congress with petitions calling for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia
89
The evangelical Christian Churches in the South
Gradually turned pro slavery
90
What dis JCC say that slavery was good?
That Americans saved blacks from their unorganized civilizations and that white supremacy would be compromised
91
Blacks also couldn't work in
Freedom
92
Whigs were against
Slavery

APUSH (21 decks)

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