Chapter 20 Flashcards
Much of westward movement was in fact towards the
Cities, such as San Fran
The flow of population was mainly toward the
Cities
The city dwellers in the NE were
Landless and homeless: could only offer labor
What allowed city building to expand vertically to accommodate surging population
Developments in heating, as fireplaces were no longer needed, Otis Elevator company, cast iron and steel frame construction
Cities expanded horizontally after what innovations in transportation?
Cable cars that clamped onto a moving underground cable driven by a central power source, steam powered trains, electric trolleys, subways
The spread of mass transit allowed the creation of
People becoming commuters, and suburbs
Many of the rich went out of the city went out of the city while the poor, stayed
In the city, allowing for congestion and crime
In times of rural depression people would often go to
The cities
Unregulated urban growth created problems with
Sanitation, health, and morale
What were tentements?
6-8 story buildings that held multiple housing units where families were crammed together. Disease was a problem
The cities were overflowed with
Contaminated water, horse urine, and manure, roaming pigs, and untreated sewage
What water related diseases came!
Cholera, typhoid fever, and yellow fever
Sanitary reformers, public health officials and municipal engineers, persuaded
City governments to banish hogs and cattle within the city limit, mount cleanup campaigns, build water and sewage systems, trash collect, and replace horses with street cars
What did this reforms also cause
Waste dumped into water,
What was a common thought at the time?
Flush and forget about it. Believed water purified itself so they dumped it into massive waters and bays
Ethnic neighborhoods in cities preserved
Familiar folkways and shielded newcomers from the shocks of a strange culture
Why did immigrants come to America?
Some were persecuted, lack of opportunity and pulled by America’s promise
American companies, seeking cheap labor
Often advertised propoganda
Under the Contract Labor Act of 1864?
The federal government helped pay an immigrant’s passage
In 1885, the government forbad companies
To import contract labor, putting immigrants under the control of their employers
Most immigrants arriving in America passed through
Ellis Island
Since most immigrants knew little English and knew nothing about American employment practices, they were
Easy subjects for exploitation
