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APUSH > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

0
Q

Washington was pleased that the soldiers were from different colonies because

A

As one, they were continental

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1
Q

What was the Patriot army made up of?

A

A rustic militia that had been enrolled for six months.

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2
Q

Recruits who violated army rules were

A

Placed in the stockade, flogged or sent packing

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3
Q

The Revolution was also

A

An engine for political experimentation and social change

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4
Q

British redcoats led by William Howe, went to

A

Staten Island to suppress the American Revolution and its first elements of an enormous force

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5
Q

Why were non-British soldiers called Hessians?

A

Most came from the principality of Hesse-Cassel

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6
Q

Because such a small force was supposed to defend New York,

A

Had to expose his outnumbered men to entrapments from which they escaped by luck

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7
Q

Battle of Long Island was a

A

Humiliating defeat

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8
Q

Paine’s American Crisis bolstered

A

The shaken moral of the Patriots, and Congress offered more supplies to the troops

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9
Q

What was so important about the victories at Princeton and Trenton?

A

Saved the cause for independence. It was a grand moral boost, and made the Americans a formidable enemy

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10
Q

The only hope for winning the war was to

A

Wear down the patience of the British

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11
Q

William Franklin?

A

Royal governor of NJ, that was an ardent loyalist

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12
Q

Who were the Whigs?

A

They formed the Continental Army

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13
Q

Who were the less committed group?

A

Swayed mostly by the better organized and more energized radicals

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14
Q

What did the Tories opposes?

A

The unnatural and unprovoked Rebelliln

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15
Q

Loyalists were concentrated in the

A

Seaport cities

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16
Q

Governors, judges and other royal officers

A

Were almost all Loyalists

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17
Q

American militiamen also

A

Defended their local communities

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18
Q

Many of the Patriots found camp life

A

Debilitating and combat horrifying

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19
Q

Congress reluctantly let

A

Army agents take supplies directly from farmers in return for future payments

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20
Q

What was the greatest enemy during the stay at Morristown?

A

Smallpox

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21
Q

The successful inoculation of the American army

A

Marks one of the greatest strategical accomplishments of the war

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22
Q

What was offered by congress if one enlisted for three years or for the duration of the conflict

A

Bounty of $20 and 100 acres of land

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23
Q

Why was gaining control of NY so important?

A

It would cut NE from the rest of the colonies

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24
Q

Why was the New York attack unsuccessful!

A

Miscommunications

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25
Q

Howe instead deuces to move

A

Against Philly, expecting that the PA loyalists would rally up to the crown

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26
Q

Because the British owned Philly,

A

Washington stationed at Valley Forge

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27
Q

Continental Congress relocated to

A

York, Penn

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28
Q

Barrymore St. Leger led a small army,

A

Where a force of Iroquois joined them

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29
Q

Horatio Gates led a movement of

A

German farmers and their Indian allies, and gained time to arrive at nearby Fort Stanwix

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30
Q

Because Gates rejected to surrender Fort Stanwix,

A

Iroquois abandoned them

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31
Q

John Stark led

A

NE militiamen to decimate a detachment of Hessians and Loyalists foraging for sip likes

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32
Q

The American army surrounded Saratoga, and

A

Burgoyne surrendered and left NA

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33
Q

William Pitt

A

You cannot conquer America

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34
Q

Treaty of Amity and Commerce

A

France recognized the new US and offered trade concessions

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35
Q

Treaty of Alliance

A

France and U.S. Allows until war was over, guaranteed each other’s possessions

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36
Q

What was the most important thing to the Americans?

A

The French navy

37
Q

Spain entered the war as an ally to

A

France

38
Q

Parliament repealed many acts, but the Americans would not stop fighting if

A

Britain recognized American independence or withdrew its forces

39
Q

Many left the army because of

A

Valley forge

40
Q

In desperation, Washington

A

Confiscated horses, cattle, and hogs in exchange for receipts to be honored by the Continental Congress

41
Q

In the spring of 78,

A

British forces withdrew from Pennsylvania to New York

42
Q

George Rogers Clark led an expedition to capture

A

Kakaskia. The French inhabitants were overjoyed when they learned that France partnered with USA for the war

43
Q

Led by Joseph Brant

A

Th Iroquois had killed hundreds of militiamen along the Pennsylvania frontier

44
Q

In response to the Mohawk, Washington sent

A

John Sullivan to suppress the hostile tribes and the Tories. This left many Indians unable to survive and broke the Iroquois confederacy

45
Q

Henry Clinton sent men to take

A

Savannah, gaining momentum by enlisting Loyalists and Cherokees

46
Q

Initially, Clinton’s strategy worked as

A

They and defeated 3 american armies, took Savannah and Charleston, and occupied SC and GA

47
Q

Why was the war in the south not so easy as planned?

A

There were fewer Loyalists than estimated, the British effort to unleash Indian Attacks convinced many undecided settlers to join the patriots, and the Loyalist soldiers behaved so harshly that some switched sides

48
Q

Who defeated the American troops at Charleston?

A

Cornwallis

49
Q

Why were the Southern colonies more important to the British?

A

Became they produced valuable cash crops

50
Q

Who were Tarleton and Ferguson?

A

We’re in charge of mobilizing, training, and leading Loyalist militiamen. They burned farms, liberated slaves, and stole livestock

51
Q

What was the Battle of King’s Mountain?

A

The turning point for the war in the south as hunters pursued Ferguson’s men

52
Q

Nathaniel Green was

A

Washington ablest general and new commander of the southern theater

53
Q

Daniel Morgan’s forced took position at Cowpens, and

A

Tarleton pursued but got ambushed. Cowpens was the most complete tactical victory for the Americsn side of the revolution

54
Q

Green lured Cornwalis northward but

A

The redcoats were defeated at Guilford Courthouse

55
Q

What did Benedict Arnold want to do?

A

Crassly plotted to sell out the American garrison at West Point to the British, and even suggested seizing George Washington himself as

56
Q

Major John André had

A

Ended Arnold’s plot. Warned that his plan might be discovered, Arnold joined the British in NY , and the Americans hanged André as a spy

57
Q

What did Captain John Paul Jones do?

A

Jones and his crew won a desperate battle against a British frigate

58
Q

Thanks to the French navy, Britain

A

Lost control of the Chesapeake

59
Q

As Cornwalis moved into VA,

A

GW persuaded the commander of the French army in Rhode Island to join forces for an attack on the British army

60
Q

Admiral François-Joseph-Paul de Grasse, bound for the Chesapeake

A

forced Washington to change his strategy

61
Q

When de Grasse’s fleet arrived,

A

They forced the British navy to give up the effort to relieve Cornwallis. Cornwsllis, who had a half-sized army surrendered

62
Q

Although the British controlled many cities, the House of

A

Commons voted against continuing the war, and Lord North later resigned

63
Q

Why did Britain decide to end the war?

A

Concentrate on their global conflicts with Spain and France

64
Q

The continental congress named commissioners go negotiate a peace treaty in Paris:

A

Include the cranky John Adams representing the USA in Durchland, John Jay ambassador to Spain, and Ben Franklin, already in France

65
Q

Results of the treaty of Paris?

A

GB recognized their independence, view Mississippi River as America’s western boundary. Indian tribes not allowed to participate in treatyb

66
Q

Florida was now

A

British territory

67
Q

The new republic was a nation whose citizens

A

Were deemed equal before the law and governed themselves through elected and appointed officials

68
Q

To preserve the delicate balance between liberty and power, the revolutionary leaders believed that their new government must be designed to

A

Protect individual and state’s rights

69
Q

Most of the political experimentation occurred as

A

State constitutions

70
Q

The first state constitutions created a reservoir of ideas and experience that

A

Formed the basis for the creation of a federal constitution in 1787!

71
Q

Articles of Confederation legalized what

A

Had become a prevailing practice

72
Q

Congress was intended

A

As a collective substitute for a monarch

73
Q

The Congress had no power

A

To enforce its resolutions and ordinance, to levy taxes, and had to rely on requisitions from the states, which the state legislature could ignore

74
Q

The Confederation had

A

No executive or judicial branch, no administrative head of government, and no federal courts

75
Q

Many Americans hoped that revolution would

A

Remove, not reinforce, the elite’s traditional political and social advantages

76
Q

During and after the revolution, loyalists were

A

Assaulted, brutalized, and executed by the Patriots

77
Q

Because of the loss, Loyalists had to

A

Leave the U.S.

78
Q

Because Spain quickly regained Florida, the Loyalists had a choice

A

Convert to Catholicism or leave. Most left to the USA or British Caribbean Islands

79
Q

Pleas for freedom by slaves were largely

A

Ignored

80
Q

The British offered

A

Freedom to slaves and indentured servants who joined the British army

81
Q

In response to British recruitment of African slaves, Washington authorized the enlistment

A

Of free blacks

82
Q

southerners, however, pleaded George Washington to allow no

A

More blacks into the army. Later ignored

83
Q

Slaves who supported the cause of independence won

A

Freedom, and some cases, received parcels of land as well

84
Q

Women supporter the nations in various roles, by

A

Handling supplies, serving as spies, working as camp followers, cooking, cleaning, and nursing the soldiers,

85
Q

Deborah Simpson did what?

A

Enrolled in the army as Robert Shurtleff

86
Q

The legal status of women did not improve dramatically as a

A

Result of the Revolution

87
Q

Most Indian tribes tried to

A

Remain neutral in the conflict

88
Q

The Mohawks were for the British and the

A

Oneidas were for the Patriots

89
Q

The new government assured its Indian allies that it would respect their lands and rights, but

A

The American people had a very different goal

90
Q

How come Independence Day is on July 4?

A

On July 2, second continental congress declared the U.S. as free and independent states. Adams got everything right bu the date

APUSH (21 decks)

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