Diabetes Flashcards
(38 cards)
What is the definition of diabetes?
-Relative or absolute deficiency of insulin, causing glucose intolerance
What percent of the US population has diabetes?
8-9%
How many people die a year in the US from diabetes?
73,000
What percent of people are undiagnosed?
50%
What percent of population is in pre-diabetic state?
-14%
What is the fasting blood sugar of a diabetic?
Greater than 125 mg/dL
What is that fasting glucose in prediabetes?
Between 100-125
If you do a 75 gm glucose tolerance test what is the glucose level in a diabetic after 2 hrs?
Greater than 200 mb/dL
What is the HbA1c in a diabetic?
Greater than 6.5%
What cells does insulin affect glucose uptake in?
- Muscle cells
- Fibroblasts
- Fat Cells
What cells does insulin not affect glucose uptake in?
- Neurons
- Kidney
- Red blood cells
what are symptoms of Type I diabetes?
- Polydipsia
- Polyphagia
- Polyuria
- Unexplained weight loss
What is secreted from beta cells in islets of langerhans in response to glucose?
- Insulin
- C peptide
In a diabetic you have increased lipolysis that results in what?
- Blood ketosis
- Elevated triglycerides
What metabolic pathways increase in diabetics?
- Glycogenolysis
- Gluconeogenesis
T/F Diabetics have an anabolic effect
True
What are the features of Type I diabetics?
- Young onset
- Loss of islet beta cells
- Thin
Do type I diabetics have natural insulin?
-No
What do glucose levels often get up to before a type I diabetic is diagnosed?
-Greater than 500 mg/dl
What does type II Diabetes correlate with?
- Excessive visceral fat
- Hypertension and risk for atherosclerosis dyslipidemia
What type of diabetic has minimal ketones or acidosis but has very high glucose?
-Type II
What are some ethnic groups that have higher risk for Type II diabetes?
- Pima indians
- Hispanics
- African Americans
What can damage the pancreatic islet cells that can cause type II diabetes?
-Amyloidosis
When some has ketoacidosis what do you see?
- Dehydration
- Deep labored breathing
