Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human disease and therapeutics 2020 > Test #3 Eye and ear > Flashcards

Test #3 Eye and ear Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Sty?

A

-Skin infection like a pimple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some cancers associated with the eye and ear?

A
  • Basal cell

- Squamous cell carcinoma (Destroy lashes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Glaucoma?

A

-High intraocular pressure in anterior chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F Glaucoma can damage the optic nerve and cause blindness

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What causes Glaucoma?

A

-Increased pressure within eye due to increased production or decreased outflow of aqueous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How often is aqueous humor replaced?

A

-Every 2 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is closed-angle glaucoma?

A

-Iris fused to cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the symptoms/signs of closed-angle glaucoma?

A
  • Painful
  • Fast developing
  • Requires immediate attention to avoid blindness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is open angle glaucoma?

A

-Wide space between iris and cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the risk factors for open angle glaucoma?

A
  • Age
  • African American
  • Diabetes
  • Hypertension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most common form of glaucoma?

A

-Open angle glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are signs/symptoms of open angle glaucoma?

A
  • Reduction in drainage

- Slow developing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does tonometry measure?

A

-Intraocular pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What drugs do you use to treat glaucoma?

A
  • Pilocarpine
  • Timolol
  • Lantanoprost
  • Epinephrine
  • Acetazolamide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do anticholinergics and stimulants like amphetamines do to glaucoma?

A

-Worsen glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does Pilocarpine do to treat glaucoma?

A
  • Cholinomimemetic

- Contract ciliary muscle and increases outflow of aqueous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does Timolol do to treat glaucoma?

A
  • Beta blocker

- Decreases aqueous humor secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does Lantanoprost do to treat glaucoma?

A
  • Prostaglandin

- Increase outflow of aqueous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the #1 and #2 causes of blindness?

A
  • 1) Cataracts

- 2) Glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

T/F Glaucoma causes progressive reduction of peripheral vision

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are Cataracts?

A

-Opaque lens due to age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What causes cataracts?

A
  • UV exposure
  • Diabetes
  • Steroid use
  • Trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is background diabetic retinopathy?

A
  • Micro-aneurisms on retina

- Leaves lipid-rich yellow exudate

24
Q

What does background diabetic retinopathy look like?

A

-Cotton wool spots from ischemia

25
Q

What other disease looks like diabetic retinopathy?

A

-Hypertensive retinopathy

26
Q

With age related macular degeneration what percent of patients older than 80 have it?

A

-Greater than 10%

27
Q

What is age-related macular degeneration associated with?

A
  • Gene polymorphisms
  • Smoking
  • CVS disease
28
Q

With age-related macular degeneration what type of vision loss occurs?

A

-Central vision which widens laterally

29
Q

Does the progress of age-related macular degeneration occur faster in wet or dry?

A

-Wet

30
Q

Hemorrhage and fluid present behind the retina is wet or dry macular degeneration

A

Wet

31
Q

Pharmacological options are minimal for macular degeneration, but there is some evidence that what might work?

A
  • Antioxidants
  • Vit C
  • Zinc oxide
32
Q

What usually causes retinal detachment?

A

-Trauma

33
Q

What is the most common tumor in children found in the eye?

A

-Retinoblastoma

34
Q

What disease has excess of endolymphatic fluid in the inner ear?

A

-Meniere disease

35
Q

What are the symptoms of Meniere disease?

A
  • Vertigo
  • Hearing loss
  • Nausea
  • Sometimes migrane headaches
  • Swimming feeling
  • Tinnitus
  • they can last minutes or days, are often unilateral, and hearing loss is progressive
36
Q

What are risks for Meniere disease?

A
  • Abnormal immune response
  • Allergies
  • Head trauma
  • Migraines
  • Improper drainage
37
Q

What drugs do you use to treat Meniere disease?

A
  • Meclizine
  • Diazepam
  • Promethazine
  • Long acting steroids
  • Hydrochlorothiazide
38
Q

What are the symptoms of Otitis media?

A
  • Pain
  • Ear discharge
  • Headache
  • hearing loss
  • tinnitus
  • Vertigo
  • Immobile bulging eardrum
39
Q

What drugs are used to treat acute otitis media?

A
  • Amoxicillin
  • Amoxicillin + clavulanate
  • Ceftriaxone (rocephin, 3rd generation cephalosporin)
40
Q

___ is the result of UV-damaged collagen in the sclera, causing discoloration

A

pinguecula

41
Q

glaucoma occurs when intraocular pressure reaches >___mmHg

A

> 21mmHg

42
Q

the angle of the iris to the cornea in closed-angle glaucoma is

A

<10 degrees

43
Q

the angle of the iris to the cornea in open-angle glaucoma is about ___ degrees

A

45 degrees

44
Q

how does epinephrine treat glaucoma?

A
  • alpha agonist
  • increases outflow of aqueous humor
  • decreases aqueous humor secretion
45
Q

how does acetazolamide treat glaucoma?

A
  • carbonic ahydrase inhibitor (diuretic)

- decreases aqueous humor secretion

46
Q

what eye condition can result in blindness due to new microvascularization, and can be treated using laser treatment to stop bleeding and eliminate small vessels?

A

diabetic retinopathy (micro-aneurisms on retina)

47
Q

what type of age-related macular degeneration makes up the large majority of cases, and consists of cellular debris that builds up around the macula of the retina?

A

dry

48
Q

___ is a risk factor for age-related macular degeneration

A

smoking

49
Q

what is meclizine used for?

A
  • aka antivert
  • treatment of meniere disease
  • H1 blocker, anticholinergic, CNS depressant, anti-motion sickness medication
  • causes xerostomia
50
Q

what is diazepam used for?

A
  • treatment of meniere disease

- anxiolytic

51
Q

what is promethazine used for?

A
  • treatment of meniere disease
  • H1 blocker, anticholinergic, antinausea and motion sickness
  • causes xerostomia
52
Q

what is dexamethazone used for?

A
  • long-acting steroid

- treatment of meniere disease

53
Q

what is hydrochlorothiazide used for?

A
  • treatment of meniere disease

- diuretic - regulates fluid volume and pressure in inner ear

54
Q

what are the 2 types of otitis media?

A
  • acute

- chronic with effusion

55
Q

what is the cause of acute otitis media?

A

infection usually caused by strep pneumonia

56
Q

what is chronic with effusion otitis media caused by?

A
  • typically not associated with infection

- ear drum is inflamed - fluid and bubbles can get trapped in the middle ear

57
Q

what is the treatment for chronic with effusion otitis media?

A

drain if necessary

Human disease and therapeutics 2020 (60 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions