Evolutionary Factors - Aggression Flashcards

1
Q

What is natural selection?

A

A process whereby new species arise as a result of gradual changes in genetic make-up over a long period of time

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2
Q

What is reproductive fitness?

A

A measure of how successful an individual is in passing genes onto the next generation

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3
Q

What gender has more parental investment?

A

Females

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4
Q

How to men attract females?

A

Use dominance and resources. Females choose males who will allow them to successfully raise children

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5
Q

What does Lorenz suggest?

A

Aggression is innate an unavoidable

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6
Q

Who can be confident of maternity?

A

Females can be confident of their maternity but males can’t be sure of their paternity

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7
Q

Why must males hold onto partners?

A

To ensure they are able to pass down their genes - no rival access

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8
Q

Why must females hold onto partners?

A

To ensure offspring survive

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9
Q

What do men lose after female infidelity?

A
  • Loss of reproductive success
  • Loss of invested resources
  • Paternity uncertainty
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10
Q

What do women loose after male infidelity?

A
  • Loss of partner

- Loss of resources for offspring

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11
Q

What did Weerth and Kalma do?

A

Self-reports to see if male victims of infidelity are expected to be more aggressive than female victims

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12
Q

What did Weerth and Kalma find?

A
  • Ps expected females to be more aggressive (views held mainly by women)
  • Females more likely to declare they would physically and verbally abuse partners
    = doesn’t really fit evolution and females should be aggressive to rivals and men should take up retention strategies
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13
Q

What are the issues that link to Weerth and Kalma’s study?

A

PAS: hypothetical ideas and surveys are not scientific as people may react differently in a real life situation
Social desirability: People say they wouldn’t be aggressive to partners (men)

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14
Q

How are women aggressive surrounding infidelity? (Jealousy)

A

If they suspect their partner is with someone else they may direct anger and aggression towards the rival

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15
Q

What are mate-retention strategies? (Jealousy)

A

Men use these to ensure paternity certainty. They are often violent e.g. domestic violence and genital mutilation

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16
Q

What is the SSNR issue surrounding Jealousy?

A

The fact that wife infidelity is an offence in some countries = can be an excuse for male violence

17
Q

What did Paul et al do?

A

Carried out two studies: One were questionnaires used to see how ps would react after infidelity and one was were ps were asked to think about when a partner had been sexually unfaithful

18
Q

What did Paul et al find?

A

1st study: anger and blame were focused more on the partner
2nd study: rival received more anger and blame
+ men more inclined to think about aggression towards the rival

19
Q

How does Paul et al support evolution?

A

Supports as women were aggressive to rival but doesn’t as men said they were more likely to be

20
Q

How does PAS relate to Paul et al’s study?

A

Both self-reports = social desirability