Validity + Reliability - OCD Flashcards

1
Q

What is a valid diagnosis?

A

Should be representative of what the patient is suffering from + lead to an effective treatment

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2
Q

How can normal behaviour be mistaken for OCD?

A

75% of adults have unwanted thoughts and mild checking behaviour = danger of over-medicalising normal behaviour

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3
Q

When is behaviour classed as OCD

A

When it interferes with everyday time

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4
Q

How could the diagnosis of OCD be wrong?

A

There may be different subsystems and OCD is just an umbrella term. BUT many people with OCD do share the same symptoms.

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5
Q

What is Comorbid? (Use if just on validity)

A

1 or more type of disorder at the same time = common with OCD
e.g. being on the Autistic spectrum which may show some symptoms of OCD

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6
Q

What did Stein do?

A

Trainee lay interviewers interviewed someone for OCD oner the phone:

  • Came up with a sample they believed had OCD
  • Ps then blindly reinterviewed by specialists
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7
Q

What did Stein find?

A
  • Trainee prevalence for OCD = 3.1%

- Specialists = 0.6%

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8
Q

What does Stein’s study show?

A

Some may be overestimating the degree of interference/distress on the individual = GPs do not always diagnose validly

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9
Q

What have studies on comorbidity found? (Use if just on validity)

A

67% of those with OCD also have depression

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10
Q

What did Goodman do? (Use if just on validity)

A

Tested the validity of the Yale-Brown scale

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11
Q

What did Goodman find? (Use if just on validity)

A
  • YBs correlated with 2-3 independent measures for OCD
  • Patients showed YBs was sensitive to drug induced changes = score went down
  • Reductions in YB score reflected improvement
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12
Q

What does Goodman’s study show? (Use if just on validity)

A

YBs is a valid instrument for assessing OCD, BUT depends on how much we trust the original scales

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13
Q

What did Rasmussen an Eisen find?

A

Certain factors are common in all OCD cases:

- Anxiety, fear of something terrible happening and belief that compulsions provide relief

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14
Q

What is reliability of diagnosis?

A

The extent to which a patient will receive the same diagnosis from different doctors and at different times

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15
Q

How can symptoms of OCD be found in other disorders?

A

E.g. some symptoms of eating disorders can appear OCD like = a GP might diagnose as OCD but a specialists may diagnose as something different

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16
Q

How is there ambiguity in the diagnosis system?

A

E.g. what is distress and how much distress is enough to diagnose as OCD

17
Q

What is Diagnosis bias? (Use if just on reliability)

A

Some stereotyping of who has OCD e.g older women and housewives.
May stop some people going to get looked at (e.g. men)

18
Q

What did Goodman et al do?

A

Study involving 4 raters and 40 patients looking at the inter-rater reliability of YB scale

19
Q

What did Goodman et al find?

A

The inter-rater reliability for YB score + each of the 10 individual items was excellent

20
Q

What does Goodman et al’s study show?

A

YB scale is a reliable instrument for measuring the severity of illness in patients

21
Q

What did Lennkh do? (Use if just reliability)

A

Studied 66 female patients who met the DSM-IV criteria for anorexia

22
Q

What did Lennkh find? (Use if just reliability)

A

12 patients met the DSM-III-R criteria from lifetime OCD: 7 patients had current OCD and 5 had a past history of OCD
- Patients with comorbid OCD showed a significantly higher life time prevalence of bipolar etc

23
Q

What does Lennkh’s study show?

A

Shows that OCD is often comorbid with eating disorders

- shows how different individuals may diagnose

24
Q

What did Brown et al do?

A

Carried out 2 interviews, 2 weeks apart on 1400 patients

- Investigated various anxiety disorders and depression

25
Q

What did Brown et al find?

A

The inter-rater reliability for OCD was excellent and higher than other anxiety disorders or depression

26
Q

What does Brown et al’s study show?

A

Suggests that the presence of compulsions makes OCD easier to diagnose