Validity + Reliability - OCD Flashcards

(26 cards)

1
Q

What is a valid diagnosis?

A

Should be representative of what the patient is suffering from + lead to an effective treatment

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2
Q

How can normal behaviour be mistaken for OCD?

A

75% of adults have unwanted thoughts and mild checking behaviour = danger of over-medicalising normal behaviour

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3
Q

When is behaviour classed as OCD

A

When it interferes with everyday time

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4
Q

How could the diagnosis of OCD be wrong?

A

There may be different subsystems and OCD is just an umbrella term. BUT many people with OCD do share the same symptoms.

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5
Q

What is Comorbid? (Use if just on validity)

A

1 or more type of disorder at the same time = common with OCD
e.g. being on the Autistic spectrum which may show some symptoms of OCD

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6
Q

What did Stein do?

A

Trainee lay interviewers interviewed someone for OCD oner the phone:

  • Came up with a sample they believed had OCD
  • Ps then blindly reinterviewed by specialists
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7
Q

What did Stein find?

A
  • Trainee prevalence for OCD = 3.1%

- Specialists = 0.6%

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8
Q

What does Stein’s study show?

A

Some may be overestimating the degree of interference/distress on the individual = GPs do not always diagnose validly

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9
Q

What have studies on comorbidity found? (Use if just on validity)

A

67% of those with OCD also have depression

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10
Q

What did Goodman do? (Use if just on validity)

A

Tested the validity of the Yale-Brown scale

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11
Q

What did Goodman find? (Use if just on validity)

A
  • YBs correlated with 2-3 independent measures for OCD
  • Patients showed YBs was sensitive to drug induced changes = score went down
  • Reductions in YB score reflected improvement
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12
Q

What does Goodman’s study show? (Use if just on validity)

A

YBs is a valid instrument for assessing OCD, BUT depends on how much we trust the original scales

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13
Q

What did Rasmussen an Eisen find?

A

Certain factors are common in all OCD cases:

- Anxiety, fear of something terrible happening and belief that compulsions provide relief

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14
Q

What is reliability of diagnosis?

A

The extent to which a patient will receive the same diagnosis from different doctors and at different times

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15
Q

How can symptoms of OCD be found in other disorders?

A

E.g. some symptoms of eating disorders can appear OCD like = a GP might diagnose as OCD but a specialists may diagnose as something different

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16
Q

How is there ambiguity in the diagnosis system?

A

E.g. what is distress and how much distress is enough to diagnose as OCD

17
Q

What is Diagnosis bias? (Use if just on reliability)

A

Some stereotyping of who has OCD e.g older women and housewives.
May stop some people going to get looked at (e.g. men)

18
Q

What did Goodman et al do?

A

Study involving 4 raters and 40 patients looking at the inter-rater reliability of YB scale

19
Q

What did Goodman et al find?

A

The inter-rater reliability for YB score + each of the 10 individual items was excellent

20
Q

What does Goodman et al’s study show?

A

YB scale is a reliable instrument for measuring the severity of illness in patients

21
Q

What did Lennkh do? (Use if just reliability)

A

Studied 66 female patients who met the DSM-IV criteria for anorexia

22
Q

What did Lennkh find? (Use if just reliability)

A

12 patients met the DSM-III-R criteria from lifetime OCD: 7 patients had current OCD and 5 had a past history of OCD
- Patients with comorbid OCD showed a significantly higher life time prevalence of bipolar etc

23
Q

What does Lennkh’s study show?

A

Shows that OCD is often comorbid with eating disorders

- shows how different individuals may diagnose

24
Q

What did Brown et al do?

A

Carried out 2 interviews, 2 weeks apart on 1400 patients

- Investigated various anxiety disorders and depression

25
What did Brown et al find?
The inter-rater reliability for OCD was excellent and higher than other anxiety disorders or depression
26
What does Brown et al's study show?
Suggests that the presence of compulsions makes OCD easier to diagnose