Psychological Therapies - OCD Flashcards

1
Q

What happens in ERP?

A

Clients repeatedly exposed to objects and situations that normally trigger their OCD
- Encouraged to avoid their normal ‘safety rituals’

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2
Q

What techniques are often taught in ERP?

A
  • Relaxation techniques to help cope with the high levels of anxiety
  • Verbal persuasion
  • Modelling techniques used to show clients how to behave
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3
Q

What is an example of an ERP instruction?

A

Told not to mop the floor for a week, then clean it for only 3 minutes, using an ordinary mop which must then be used for other chores

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4
Q

Why are family members often included in ERP? (Use if just on ERP)

A

As they can sometimes unwittingly collude with the sufferer - told not to do certain things to help the sufferer e.g. not take shoes off in the house

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5
Q

How effective is ERP?

A

More people respond than not (55-85%) + effects seem to be long lasting
- (use if just ERP): when ritualistic behaviour reduces in response to ERP, obsessional thoughts also seem to diminish

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6
Q

How appropriate is ERP?

A
  • More appropriate than surgery because its worth a try as won’t cause any permanent damage
  • Takes a few weeks to show any effects so may not be appropriate for everyone e.g. those who are critical
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7
Q

What did Abramowitz find?

A
  • Therapist-supervised exposure was more effective than self-controlled exposure
  • Complete response prevention to exposure therapy was associated with a better outcome than partial or no response prevention
  • Combination of in-vivo and imagination better than in-vivo
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8
Q

What does Abramowitz’s study show?

A

ERP most effective when therapist has lots of supervision and rituals are completely prevented = higher anxiety levels

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9
Q

What did Whittal do? (use if just ERP)

A

Participants were randomly assigned to 12 consecutive weeks of CBT or ERP treatment

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10
Q

What did Whittal find? (use if just ERP)

A

There was no significant differences in scores between CBT and ERP at post treatment or a 3-month follow up

  • Higher % of CBT ps obtained recovered status at post treatment + follow up (67%+76%)
  • Compared to ERP (59%-58%) but not significant
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11
Q

What does Whittles study show (use if just ERP)

A

That the NHS doesn’t need an independent therapy for OCD and could just use CBT which seems to be just as effective and appropriate

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12
Q

What are the aims of psychotherapy?

A

Aims to treat OCD by uncovering repressed memories and conflicts around toilet training and feelings of inferiority

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13
Q

What techniques are used in psychotherapy?

A
  • Free association = clients says whatever comes into their head. Any resistance suggests client is getting close to a repressed idea
  • Analysis of dreams = repressed memories appear in a disguised form in dreams
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14
Q

How effective is psychotherapy?

A

Not very successful at treating OCD

- Lengthy discussions may be counter productive by encouraging patients to think excessively

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15
Q

How appropriate is psychotherapy?

A

Tends to focus on early childhood but very little evidence linking theses experiences to OCD

  • Most clients are distressed but does not focus on changing behaviour
  • Not widely available + very expensive
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16
Q

What did Barker et al do?

A

14 patients with OCD had 52 sessions of psychotherapy

17
Q

What did Barker et al find?

A

Only 15% of clients still had OCD after a follow up + all approved significantly across all other personality disorders

18
Q

What does Barker et al’s study show?

A

Psychotherapy may be effective and appropriate for OCD and many other disorders