Perceptual Development - Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Why are neonates used in perceptual development studies?

A

They have a never limited ability to see and make sense of the world around them so are used to see if perceptual abilities are innate or due to nurture

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2
Q

What did Gibson and Walk do?

A

Constructed a glass table with 2 halves. One at normal height and the other with a 4 foot drop
- 36 babies between 6-14 months were put on the shallow side and encouraged to walk across

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3
Q

What did Gibson and Walk find?

A

Most babies would not walk across the shallow side to the drop

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4
Q

What does Gibson and Walk’s study show?

A

Concluded depth perception is an innate ability = supports Gibson

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5
Q

How does Gibson and Walk’s study relate to PAS?

A
  • Babies are not new borns. All had at least 6 months of experience - likely they learnt depth perception
  • May have picked up on mum’s expression which tells them if its safe or not to cross
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6
Q

How does Gibson and Walk’s study relate to RWA?

A

Shown babies a big drop is safe = might put them in a dangerous situation

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7
Q

What was Gibson and Walk’s repeated study?

A

Same study using new born lambs and goats

= did not walk on the deep side

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8
Q

What does Gibson and Walk’s repeated study show?

A

Supports innate argument but can’t generalise to humans as may be innate for animals who are mobile at birth to have depth perception

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9
Q

What did Campos et al do?

A

Compared heart rates of 2 month old babies placed on the ‘shallow’ side and the ‘deep’ side

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10
Q

What did Campos et al find?

A

Heart rates decreased slightly on the ‘deep’ side suggesting it caught the babies interest

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11
Q

What does Campos et al’s study show?

A

Babies could distinguish between the 2 sides = innate (supports Gibson and Walk)

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12
Q

How does Campos study differ with 9 month old babies?

A

Show an increased heart rate to suggest anxiety = depth perception may be innate but danger is learnt through experience

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13
Q

What did Bower do?

A

Study looking at shape constancy in infants:
- 9 babies aged 40-60 days were conditioned to turn their head in response to a 30cm cube at a distance of 1 meter by rewarding them with a peek-a-boo game

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14
Q

What did Bower find?

A

When presented with the same hope further away vs a bigger shape further away which would present the same retinal image they looked more at the same shape

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15
Q

What did Bower’s study show?

A

Babies had innate size constancy

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16
Q

How does N/N relate to Bower’s study?

A

Both studies strongly suggest nature over nurture

17
Q

How does PAS relate to Bower’s study?

A
  • Head turning is an innate ability in babies so they may be doing it for other reasons e.g. being hungry
  • Researcher subjectivity for what counts as a head turn BUT used a recorder fitted to pillow to record moments
  • Not enough participants for it to be published = more like a pilot study