Gregory's Top Down (Constructivist) Theory - Perception Flashcards

1
Q

What is perceptual set?

A

A bias or readiness to perceive some things rather than others
- brain perceives things in a certain way due to past experience, context etc

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2
Q

What do visual illusions demonstrate the brain doing?

A

Creates a hypothesis to explain sensory data

- we have a tendency to perceive 3-D objects from 2-D drawings

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3
Q

What are ambiguous figures?

A

These images have 2 possible explanations = brain alternates between the two, creates a hypothesis to interpret what we see

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4
Q

What is the Ponzo illusion?

A

Brain thinks it’s looking at a railway line, believes 2nd line is further away so must be longer
- eliciting a perception of depth

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5
Q

What is the Muller-Lyer

A

Creates a perception of depth = perceive one line as longer
- applying size constancy incorrect because we think we are either looking at the inside or outside of a building (carpentered environment)

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6
Q

How does N/N relate to Gregory’s theory?

A

His ideas all suggest we perceive things differently due to our experiences and the type of world we life in

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7
Q

How do Enysenck and Keene criticise Gregory in terms of N/N?

A

Showed if the fins on the Muller-Lyer are replaced by circulars we still fall for illusions = nature

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8
Q

What did Palmer do?

A

Showed Ps a kitchen scene and flashed an object onto the screen that was either: appropriate to the scene (a loaf of bread) or inappropriate (a drum)

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9
Q

What did Palmer find?

A
  • Bread identified correct 84% of the time

- Drum less than 50%

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10
Q

What did Palmer conclude?

A

Shows perceptual set as a people were ready to see the bread but not the drum = perception not influenced by sensory data
(N/N debate)

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11
Q

How does PAS relate to Palmers study?

A

Pictures were ambiguous as they were black and white cartoons therefore it may have been very easy to mistake the drum for something else or not identify some other pictures

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12
Q

What did Turnbull do?

A

Studied Bambuti Pygmies who lived in dense forest so had no developed size constancy - no experience of looking at objects further away

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13
Q

What did Turnbull find?

A

Thought a buffalo grazing in the distance was an insect, involved in N/N debate as shows nurture

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14
Q

What does Gregory believe?

A

Our past experience, context, knowledge, expectations and motivations effect how we interpret visual info = nurture

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