Flashcards in Exam 4; Glucocorticoids Deck (15):
1
The synthesis of steroids is essentially via which enzymes
P450s
2
What is the mechanism of action of steroids
enter the target cell and bind to a cytoplasmic receptor
3
The steroid dimerizes, then binds to a response element in the DNA, causing what to occur
either enhance gene transcription or suppress gene transcription
4
Regarding glucocorticouds, this is induced
lipocortin 1
5
What is the function of lipocortin 1
it is an extremely important regulator of the immune system; inhibits phospholipase A2 → decrease in arachniodonic acid → inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes
6
Lipocortin inhibits the synthesis of may what
cytokines, leading to a profound suppression of the immune system
7
What is the immunosuppressive potency, relative mineralcorticoid, and duration of cortisone and hydrocortisone
immunosuppressive potency; 1
relative mineralcorticoid; 1
duration 8-12 hours
8
What is the immunosuppressive potency, relative mineralcorticoid, and duration of prednisone, triamcinolone, and predinisolone
immunosuppressive potency; 4
relative mineralcorticoid; 0.25
duration; 18-36 hours
9
What is the immunosuppressive potency, relative mineralcorticoid, and duration of dexamethasone and betamethasone
immunosuppressive potency; 25
relative mineralcorticoid; <0.01
duration; 36-54 hours
10
What type of drugs are the GCs
pro-drugs; must be metabolized by P450
11
Why are GCs not effective when used topically
topical use can lead to systemic effects
12
What can topical use of GCs be affected by
Dose
Duration of exposure
Potency
Size of area covered
Occlusive dressings
Skin damage
Thickness of the skin
13
What are the side effects of a deficiency of cortisol production
Weight loss
low BP
muscle weakness
Addison's disease
14
What are the side effects of an excess production of cortisol (Cushing's)
adrenal suppression; body is no longer making its of GCs; relying on exogenous GCs, which some from no where; leading to Addison's like symptoms
15