Exam 2; CNS Stimulants and Marijuana

Question 1

What are the three compounds in coffee, tea, and/or cocoa

Answer 1

caffeine
theophylline (tea)
theobromine (cocoa)

Question 2

What is the average intake of methylxanthanes in the US

Answer 2

200mg/person/day

roughly 3 cups of coffee

Question 3

What are the four CNS stimulant symptoms of methylxanthanes

Answer 3

increased mood
decreased fatigue
higher work capacity
increased respiration

Question 4

What is the effect that methylxanthanes hav on the cardiovascular system

Answer 4

increased heart rate

Question 5

What is the effect that methylxanthanes have on smooth muscles

Answer 5

relaxation; especially bronchial smooth muscle

Question 6

What is the effect that methylxanthanes have on the kidneys

Answer 6

weak diuretic

Question 7

What is the effect that methylxanthanes have on the striated muscle

Answer 7

increased contraction strength

Question 8

What is the mechanism behind methylxanthanes

Answer 8

increases cAMP by inhibiting cAMP phosphodiesterases

Question 9

What are the toxic effects of methylxanthanes on the CNS

Answer 9

nervousness
insomnia
hand tremors
at very high doses = seizures

Question 10

What toxic effect can methylxanthanes have on the heart

Answer 10

cardiac arrthymias

Question 11

What is the therapeutic index of methylxanthanes

Answer 11

relatively safe ～ 100

Question 12

What are the effects of tolerance/chronic poisoning of methylxanthanes

Answer 12

insomnia
tachycardia
GI upset

Question 13

What are the three effects of absentation//withdrawal of methylxanthanes

Answer 13

headache
lethargy
irritability

Question 14

What is the half life of cocaine

Answer 14

1 hour; very short

Question 15

Is cocaine an acid or base?

Answer 15

weak base;

the basic component is more readily absorbed

Question 16

What are the four symptoms cocaine has on the CNS

Answer 16

increased mood
increased energy
decreased appetite
decreased need for sleep

Question 17

What is the mechanism behind cocaine in the CNS

Answer 17

prevents the re-uptake of NE, SHT, and DA in the CNS

Question 18

What two bodily effects does cocaine have

Answer 18

increases blood pressure; vasoconstriction (never give with epinephrine)
increases body temperature

Question 19

Where is cocaine used as a clinical anesthetic

Answer 19

local anesthesia in the eye

Question 20

What are six toxic symptoms of cocaine in the CNS

Answer 20

anxiety
paranoia
insomnia
general nervousness
psychoses; hallucinations and seizures

Question 21

cocaine can cause vasoconstriction of local tissues which can lead to what

Answer 21

tissue anoxia and death

Question 22

People who use cocaine on a regular basis have this symptom

Answer 22

urticarial; itching

Question 23

Tolerance of cocaine develops to what effect

Answer 23

euphoric effect

Question 24

cocaine leads to a decrease in CNS neurotransmitters which leads to what

Answer 24

prevents the re-uptake; leading to exhaustion

Question 25

cocaine can cause this to occur involving the cardiovascular system which is seen in ODs

Answer 25

cardiac arrhthymias

Question 26

cocaine can cause a decreased blood flow to where

Answer 26

the uterus; leading to a decreased birth weight

Question 27

What is the mechanism behind amphetamines

Answer 27

increased release of DA and NE in the CNS | indirect acting amine, causing the release of nuerotransmitters

Question 28

What is the half life of amphetamines

Answer 28

10 hours or so; relatively slow onset

Question 29

What is one of the main symptoms of amphetamines

Answer 29

"meth mouth" | bruxism

Question 30

What are two clinical uses of amphetamines

Answer 30

narcolepsy | ADD: ritalin

Question 31

What are four other CNS stimulants

Answer 31

modafinil armodafinil dexmethyphenidate methylphenite

Question 32

What is the main component of Cannabinoids

Answer 32

tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Question 33

What is the mechanism behind THC

Answer 33

binds to the cannabinoid receptor; endogenous THC = anandamide

Question 34

What are some symptoms of Cannabinoids

Answer 34

``` euphoria non-CNS depressant anti-emetic effects decreases intra-ocular pressure anti-convulsant stimulates appetite some analgesic or anti-nocicpetivve ```

Question 35

What is the effect of Cannabinoids on the smooth muscle

Answer 35

bronchodilation | dilates conjunctival blood vessels = red eye

Question 36

What is the effect of Cannabinoids on the mouth

Answer 36

anticholinergic effects; dry mouth

Question 37

What is the therapeutic index of Cannabinoids

Answer 37

around 1000; relatively impossible to kill yourself solely by using this drug

Question 38

How does Cannabinoids effect the lungs

Answer 38

chronic smokers will have the same lung problems as tobacco smokers

Question 39

True or False | THC cannot pass the placenta

Answer 39

False; it can

Question 40

What are two clinical uses of THC

Answer 40

anti-emetic | appetite stimulant effect

Question 41

What are two Cannabinoid based drugs

Answer 41

dronabinol | nabilone; nausea treatment

Question 42

This is a high addictive, cheap, legal, and high available drug that is portable and doesn't impair facilities

Answer 42

nicotine

Question 43

What is the mechanism behind nicotine

Answer 43

presynaptic nicotinic cholinergic receptor | increase slight DA release

Question 44

What are the two complex CNS side effects of nicotine

Answer 44

mild sedative | decreases appetite

Question 45

How much nicotine is in the average cigarette

Answer 45

15mg; goes instantly to the CNS

Question 46

What are four major symptoms of withdrawal from nicotine

Answer 46

depression anxiety suicidal aggressive

Question 47

This is a partial nicotinic agonist that binds ad activates the nicotinic receptor, blocking further stimulation

Answer 47

varenicline