Flashcards in Exam 2; Anti-Depressants and Lithium Deck (44)
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1
This is 60% of all depressions; normal response to a loss or problem; usually limited in time
reactive depression
2
This is 40% of all depressions; no clear correlation with life events
endogenous depression
3
What are the two types of endogenous depression
uni-polar
bi-polar
4
What are some symptoms of depression
depressed mood
decrease interest in life in general
sleep disturbances
appetite changes
loss of energy
feeling of worthlessness/denial of past accomplishments
guilt
5
What are two symptoms of severe depression
psychological pain
suicidal tendencies; recurrent thoughts of death
loss of cognitive function
6
What are two factors that can cause depression
heredity and environmental factors
7
What is the biochemical basis of depression
depletion of neurotransmitters in the CNS (NE and SHT)
8
This treatment of depression is used primarily when the patient is not responsive to drug treatments
electroconvulsive treatment; shock therapy
9
What are five conditions that anti-depressants can be used to treat
depression
bulimia
OCD
panic attacks
ADD
10
What are the two mechanisms behind anti-depressants
prevent NE or SHT re-uptake
prevent neurotransmitter breakdown
11
What are two first generation NE re-uptake inhibitors; tricyclic anti-depressants
imipramine
amitriptyline
12
What are the second generation SSRIs (selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors); inhibiting SHT re-uptake in the CNS
fluoxetine
sertraline
paroxetine
fluvoxamine
citalopram
escitalopram
vilazodone
vortioxetine
13
What are the third generation SNRIs; inhibiting the re-uptake of SHT and NE
Venlafaxine
duloxetine
milnacipram
desvenlafaxine
14
What are three other anti-depressants
buproprion
nefazodone
mirtazapine
15
Which class of anti-depressants is more likely to have side effects
the first generation; acts on multiple receptors
16
What are four symptoms of first generation anti-depressants
sedation
weight gain
anticholinergic effects; arrthymias, hypotension, α1 blockade
17
What are four side effects of second generation anti-depressants
GI upset
insomnia
headache
decreased libido
18
What are some side effects of third generation anti-depressants
just like second generation plus cardiovascular stimulation
19
What is the therapeutic index of anti-depressants
fairly low; 5-6 (5-6 times the recommended dose to be toxic
first generation more toxic than second generation
20
What happens to someone who takes a massive overdose of anti-depressants
seizures
respiratory depression
cardiac arrthymias
renal failure
21
The difference between first, second, and third generation, is mainly what
pharmacokinetic
22
What is the half like of anti-depressants like
very long; stays in the body a long time after you take them
23
What are anti-depressants metabolized by
P450
24
The effects of anti-depressants are synergistic with what
ethanol; will see unwanted effects
25
These three anti-depressants inhibit the metabolism of NE and SHT
tranylcyrpromine
phenelzine
isocarboxazid
26
What is the metabolism of MAO inhibitors
irreversibly inhibit the metabolism of SHT and NE; slow onset
27
What are the CNS effects of MAO inhibitors
insomnia
agitation
hallucinations
seizures
28
What are three non-CNS effects of MAO inhibitors
liver toxicity
weight gain
hypotension
29
This interacts poorly with MAO inhibitors
indirect acting amines like amphetamines
30
