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Health FINAL EXAM!!! Flashcards

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0
Q

The chemical process by which your body breaks down food to release energy

A

Metabolism

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1
Q

Substances that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissue, and obtain energy

A

Nutrients

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2
Q

The amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down is measured in this unit

A

Calories

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3
Q

Nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Supply energy for your body’s functions

A

Carbohydrates

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4
Q

Type of complex carbohydrate that is found in plants and is necessary for the proper functioning of the digestive system

A

Fiber

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5
Q

Nutrient made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Supply your body with energy, form your cells, maintain body temperature, and protect your nerves

A

Fats

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6
Q

Have at least one unsaturated bond in a place where hydrogen can be added to the molecule
Found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds

A

Unsaturated fats

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7
Q

Fats that have all the hydrogen the carbon atoms can hold

Animal fats such as lard and dairy products that can cause heart disease

A

Saturated fats

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8
Q

A waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products
May cause plaque to buildup and block blood flow leading to the heart

A

Cholesterol

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9
Q

Made when manufacturers add hydrogen to the fat molecules in vegetable oils to keep foods fresher longer

A

Trans fat

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10
Q

Serves as a source of energy, most importantly assist in the growth and repair of body tissues

A

Proteins

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11
Q

Small units that are bound together chemically to form proteins

A

Amino acids

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12
Q

What are the 6 classes of nutrients

A 
Carbohydrates 
Fats
Proteins 
Vitamins 
Minerals 
Water
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13
Q

Which 3 nutrients supply your body with energy

A

Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins

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14
Q

What are simple carbohydrates

A

Also known as simple sugars or fast carbs

The body breaks them down faster and may give you short bursts of energy

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15
Q

What are 3 examples of simple carbohydrates

A

Fruits
Vegetables
Milk

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16
Q

What are complex carbohydrates

A

Sugars that are linked together also known as complex sugars or slow carbs
They body breaks them down slower giving you longer lasting energy

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17
Q

What are 3 examples of complex carbohydrates

A 
Rice 
Cereal 
Wheat 
Potatoes 
Pasta
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18
Q

Why might a high fiber diet be healthful

A

Helps prevent constipation, may reduce risk of colon cancer, may help prevent heart disease

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19
Q

What are some examples of foods that will provide a good source of fiber

A 
Whole-grain breads/cereals 
Vegetables 
Fruits 
Nuts 
Beans 
Seeds
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20
Q

Why might complex carbohydrates be better for you than simple carbohydrates

A

The excess carbohydrates are stored as fat if all your body’s glycogen (filled up by simple carbohydrates) are full

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21
Q

What are the 2 types of unsaturated fats

Why are they important

A

Monounsaturated

Polyunsaturated

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22
Q

A nutrient that is made by living things, is required in small amounts, and assists in chemical reactions in the body

A

Vitamin

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23
Q

A vitamin that helps protect heathy cells from the damage caused by the normal aging process as well as from certain types of cancer

A

Antioxidant

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24
A nutrient that occurs naturally in rocks or soil | Needed by the body in small amounts
Mineral
25
A condition in which the red blood cells do not contain enough hemoglobin One may feel weak, tired, and may become sick easily
Anemia
26
The process of maintaining a steady state inside the body
Homeostasis
27
A dissolved substance in water that regulates many processes in cells
Electrolyte
28
A serious reduction in the body's water content | 75% of the brain is made of water
Dehydration
29
How are vitamins and minerals different
Vitamins are made by living things | Minerals occur naturally in rocks and soil
30
What role does water play in the body
Nearly all of the body's chemical reactions, including those that produce energy and build new tissues, gets rid of waste, and aids in digestion
31
Important in blood clotting and the functioning of your nervous system and muscles Essential ingredient in the formation and maintenance of bones and teeth
Calcium
32
Maintains water balance in the body and makes proteins | Helps in the functioning of the heart and nervous system
Potassium
33
Necessary for healthy red blood cells that carry oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body using hemoglobin and energy metabolism
Iron
34
Important in the functioning of the heart and water balance
Sodium
35
How much water should a female 14-18 years old consume daily
Ten 8-ounce cups
36
How much water should a male 14-18 years old consume daily
Fourteen 8-ounce cups
37
What are the 4 dietary guidelines
Make smart food choices Balance food and physical activity Get the most nutrition out of your calories Handle food safely
38
Any pathogen that spreads from one person to another during sexual contact
Sexually transmitted infections/diseases (STI/STD)
39
What are some harmful effects of STIs
``` Pain Discomfort Embarrassment Infertility Cancers ```
40
List the 3 risky behaviors that contribute to the current STI epidemic
Ignoring risks Multiple partners Not seeking treatment
41
What are 3 ways to avoid STIs
Practice abstinence Avoid drugs Choose responsible friends
42
Inflammation in the lining of the urethra
Urethritis
43
A vaginal infection or irritation
Vaginitis
44
A serious infection in the female reproductive organs that can lead to infertility or an ectopic pregnancy A potentially fatal condition where a fertilized effect implants somewhere other than the uterus
Pelvic inflammatory disease
45
A STI caused by a protozoan that infects the urinary tract or vagina Symptoms for males — painful urination, clear discharge, itching Symptoms for females — itching/burning, yellowish discharge, pain when urinating, bad smell
Trichomoniasis
46
A very common viral sexually transmitted infection One of the most serious conditions associated with this is cervical cancer Symptoms —genital warts, cervical cancer in women
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
47
``` A very common viral STI caused by bacteria #1 most common STI in the United States Symptoms for males — painful, frequent urination, and discharge, can lead to urethritis Symptoms for females — yellowish discharge, can lead to PID ```
Chlamydia
48
STI that attacks the liver Also spread by blood-to-blood contact Symptoms — nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain, jaundice, can lead to liver cancer it cirrhosis
Hepatitis
49
Condition which normal liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue
Cirrhosis
50
A bacterial STI that infects the unitary tract of males and females and the reproductive organs of females If left untreated it can lead to urethritis, PID, and infertility Symptoms — puslike discharge and painful urination
Gonorrhea
51
A viral STI caused by herpes simplex virus; may have no noticeable symptoms; there is no cure Symptoms — painful blisters that appear around the genitals
Genital herpes
52
Serious bacterial STI that progressed through 3 stages Eventually may cause brain damage, paralysis, and heart disease Pregnant women will pass it on to the baby Symptoms — sores in mouth, flulike symptoms, nonitchy skin rash, brain damage, paralysis, heart disease
Syphilis
53
Which STIs can be treated but not cured
HPV Hepatitis B and C Genital herpes
54
Which STIs can be cured
``` Chlamydia Trichomoniasis Bacterial vaginitis Pubic lice Scabies Syphilis Gonorrhea ```
55
The most serious incurable STI that can lead to AIDS | Attacks specific cells of the immune system disabling the body's defense against other pathogens
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
56
Often a fatal disease of the immune system The body's ability to fight diseases has been weekend by HIV The infected person is more likely to get infections that a healthy person's immune system could easily fight off
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
57
What are the three stages of syphilis
1st :: painless sore called a chancre that can spread to different parts if the body 2nd :: sores in the mouth and flulike symptoms. Nonitchy rash can appear on the hands and feet 3rd :: bacteria may attack internal parts of the body
58
What are the 3 stages of AIDS
Asymptomatic stage Symptomatic stage AIDS
59
what is the asymptomatic stage
The infected person may experience flu-like symptoms, which usually go away after a few weeks The person will show no outward signs of HIV but can still infect others
60
The infections that attack a person with a weakened immune system
Opportunistic infection
61
What is the symptomatic stage
Infected person beings to experience symptoms; symptoms include weight loss, persistent fever, diarrhea, or fungal infections Symptoms may not appear until 7-10 years
62
What are 4 ways HIV can be transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected person
Unprotected sexual contact and bodily fluids Shared needles Contact with blood Mother to baby; pregnancy, birth, breast feeding
63
List the 5 ways the book suggests you can prevent HIV
``` Practice abstinence Avoid drugs and needles Avoid contact with blood or body fluids Sexual fidelity in marriage Barrier protection ```

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