Phy Sci FINAL EXAM!!! Flashcards
(263 cards)
0
Q
A molecule of water (H2O) is made from _______ combining two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
A
Chemically
1
Q
The chemical elements that is most abundant in the human body
A
Oxygen
2
Q
You put 1 spoonful of salt into 1 liter of water and stir
The resulting liquid is an example of a what
A
Heterogenous mixture
3
Q
A material that can be represented by a chemical formula is
A
An element
4
Q
The chemical formula for water, H2O, means that each water molecule contains
A
Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
5
Q
Lead has a density of 11.3 g/cm3 and a mass of 282.5g
What is its volume
A
25 cm3
6
Q
What are potential signs of chemical change
A
Release of gas
Change of color
Production of gas
7
Q
The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element
A
Atom
8
Q
How many atoms are in a single molecule of Fe2O3
A
5
9
Q
Is a mixture a pure substance
A
No
10
Q
Is iron an element
A
Yes
11
Q
A group of atoms that act as a unit
A
Molecule
12
Q
What is the density of a sample of liquid that has a volume of 125mL and a mass of 200g
A
1.6 g/mL
13
Q
A chemical property of copper is its
A
Reactivity
14
Q
A physical property of gold is its
A
Density
15
Q
The mass of a 20L sample of gas with a density if 0.04 mg/L is
A
0.8mg
16
Q
Is “because it’s heavy” a reason to use aluminum foil in your kitchen
A
Nope
17
Q
An object’s volume can be found by dividing its mass by its
A
Density
18
Q
Is ability to rust a physical or chemical property
A
Chemical
19
Q
What do the different substances in a mixture do
A
Keep their properties
20
Q
Is boiling a potential sign of chemical change
A
Nope
21
Q
How can a chemical change be reversed
A
By chemical changes
22
Q
A chemical change occurs whenever
A
New substances form
23
Q
Is dissolving a physical change
A
Yes
24
Is evaporating a physical change
Yes
25
Chemical changes can affect physical and chemical properties whereas physical changes can affect
Physical properties
26
Matter is defined as anything that
Has mass and takes up space
27
The smallest unit of a substance that behaves like the substance is a
Molecule
28
What is made up of at least 2 different types of atoms
Compound
29
Unlike a mixture, a pure substance has
A fixed composition
30
A substance has a mass of 360g and a volume of 7.5mL
| What is its density
48 g/mL
31
Stainless steel has chemical properties such as
Resistance to rust
32
Digesting food is an example of
Chemical change
33
The science of what matter is made of and how it changes
Chemistry
34
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Element
35
Knowing the chemical properties of a substance will tell you how the substance
Reacts with other substances
36
Is cooking an egg an example of a physical change
No
37
H2O
Water
38
Cu
Copper
39
C12H22O11
Table sugar
40
Fe2O3
Rust
41
Define chemical change
When the identity of the substance is changed
42
Temperature is a measure of the average ______ energy of the particles in the object
Kinetic
43
What determines the speed of the atoms and molecules of a particular substance
Size of atoms and molecules
| Temperature of the substance
44
Archimedes' principle states that the buoyant force on a(n) __________ is equal to the weight of the displaced volume of fluid
Object in the fluid
45
The resistance of a fluid to flow
Viscosity
46
The change of a substance from a solid directly to a gas
Sublimation
47
Evaporation refers to the change of state from a
Liquid to gas
48
The law a conservation of mass states that mass cannot be
Created or destroyed
49
Ice floats in water because it is
Less dense than water
50
Gay-Lussac's law relates the temperature of a gas to its
Pressure
51
Pressure is calculated by dividing force by the _______ over which the force is exerted
Area
52
Buoyant force is the _____ force exerted on an object immersed or floating on a liquid
Upward
53
As the temperature of a fixed amount of gas at a constant volume decreases, it's pressure
Decreases
54
As the volume of a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature decreases, it's pressure
Increases
55
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object
Thermal energy
56
All matter is made of atoms and molecules that are
Always in motion
57
The process of a solid changing directly into a gas is called
Sublimation
58
According to the law of conservation of mass,
Total mass stays the same in changes of state
59
when ice melts to form liquid, energy is
Released
60
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid is the
Freezing point
61
The engine of a car left running for a long period of time becomes hot because
Energy is transferred from burning gasoline
62
A substance changes from a liquid to a gas during evaporation because
Energy is absorbed
63
What happens to the particles of a substance when it condenses
Particles slow down and clump together
64
The notion that an object floats if the buoyant force on the object is equal to the object's weight was described by
Archimedes
65
Pascal's principal states that a contained fluid exerts pressure
Equally in all directions
66
Force divided by the area over which the force is exerted
Pressure
67
The speed at which fluid flows through a pipe is influenced by the
Flow rate of the fluid
Viscosity of the fluid
Cross-sectional area of the the pipe
68
As the pressure of a moving liquid increases, it's speed
Decreases
69
Bernoulli's principle described the property of a
Fluid in motion
70
As the temperature of a gas at a constant volume decreases, it's pressure
Increases
71
What law is illustrated by the equation P1V1 = P2V2
Boyle's Law
72
Gases are unique in comparison to solids and liquids because they
Are easily compressible
73
As the pressure of a gas at a constant temperature decreases, it's volume
Increases
74
What property is shared by solids, liquids, and gases
Their particles are in content motion
75
Why does the volume of a gas decrease when the pressure increases
Gas particles are pushed together when the pressure is increased
76
A measure of average kinetic energy of the particles in an object
Temperature
77
The process of a liquid becoming a solid is called
Freezing
78
A state of matter that is NOT a fluid
Solid
79
How does the density if an object that sinks into a fluid compare to the density of the fluid q
The object that sinks is more dense than the fluid
80
Unlike a gas, a plasma
Conducts electric current
81
Charles's law related the volume of a gas to its
Temperature
82
When a fixed sample of has increases in temperature, it must also
Increase in pressure
83
The kinetic theory helps to explain the differences between
States of matter
84
A gas becomes a liquid through a process called
Condensation
85
Compared to less massive particles at the same temperature, more massive particles
Move more slowly
86
The force keeping am object floating on a liquid is called
Buoyant force
87
Boyle's law relates the volume of a gas to its
Pressure
88
When a fixed sample of gas increases in volume, it must also
Decrease in pressure
89
Dalton's atomic theory was accepted because
There was evidence to support it
90
Atoms have no electric charge because they
Have an equal number of electrons and protons
91
According to the new model of the atom, electrons behave like
Waves on a vibrating string
92
According to modern atomic theory, it is nearly impossible to determine an electron's exact
Position
93
Valence electrons determine an atom's
Chemical properties
94
A mole is an SI base unit that describes the
Volume of a substance
95
If the atomic mass of carbon is 12u, 1 mole of pure carbon will have a mass of
12g
96
You have 85.5g of fluorine, which has a molar mass of approximately 19g/mol
How many moles of fluorine do you have
4.5mol
97
Democritus's original atomic theory was revised because it
Did not have a scientific basis
98
What did Dalton's atomic theory state
Atoms cannot be divided
Atoms of an element are alike
Atoms of different elements form compounds
99
A subatomic particle that has a negative charge is called an
Electron
100
Who determined that atoms could be divided
Thomson
101
Thomson made his discovery about the atom during an experiment using
Cathode rays
102
Thomson is responsible for discovering that an atom contains
Electrons
103
What is an atom's nucleus made of
Protons and neutrons
104
Whose atomic model showed negative electrons orbiting the positively charged nucleus
Rutherford
105
Whose Model determined that an atom's positive charge is concentrated in the atom's center
Rutherford
106
Avogadro's number is useful for
Counting atoms
107
What is the mass of 2.5mol of Ca, which has a molar mass of 40g/mol
100.0g
108
What is the molar mass of an element with an average atomic mass of 9.012u
9.012 g
109
How much effect do commonly found isotopes have on the average atomic mass of an element
More than rarely found isotopes
110
An element's atomic number is equal to its number of
Protons
111
Two different isotopes of an element have different
Numbers of neutrons
112
What is the mass number of an element that has 19 protons, 19 electrons, and 20 neutrons
39
113
A sodium atom, which has 11 electrons, has _____ electrons in its third energy level
1
114
Unlike the modern model of the atom, Bohr's model states that
Electrons move in set paths around the nucleus of an atom
115
What are the 4 types of orbitals
S
D
P
F
116
An electron jumps to a new energy level when
The atom gains or loses energy
117
The number of energy levels filled in an atom is determined by
Electrons
118
How many electrons can each orbital hold
2
119
What charge does the nucleus of an atom have
Positive
120
According to Rutherford's model of the atom, electrons behave like
Planets orbiting the sun
121
Oxygen' atomic number is 8
| This means that an oxygen atom has
Eight protons in its nucleus
122
You have 6.50 mol of chromium, which has a molar mass of approximately 52 g/mol
What is the mass in grams
338 g
123
Can electrons be found between energy levels
No
124
according to Bohr's theory, an electron's path around the nucleus defines its
Energy level
125
An atom's mass number equals the number of
Protons plus the number of neutrons
126
A unified atomic mass unit is equal to
One-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
127
Avogadro's number is defined as the number of particles in
One mole of a substance
128
Molar mass is defined as
The mass in grams of one mole of a substance
129
What is the mass in grams of 0.75 mol of sulfur, which has a molar mass of approximately 32 g/mol
24g
130
Found in the outer energy level of an atom
Valence electron
131
Where electrons are likely to be found in an atom
Orbital
132
Unit or quantum of light
Photon
133
This is what happens to an electron when it gains energy
Excited state
134
The order of elements in the periodic table is based on
The number of protons in the nucleus
135
Atoms of elements that are in the same group have the same number of
Valence electrons
136
Is sodium an alkali metal
Sodium
137
Semiconductors are elements that
Can conduct heat and electricity under certain conditions
138
Magnesium is located to the right of sodium because Magnesium has
More protons
139
As you move from left to right across the periodic table, elements
Become less metallic
140
How was Mendeleev's periodic table arranged
By increasing atomic mass
141
What is Mendeleev known for
Publishing the first periodic table
142
When did Mendeleev create a new row in his periodic table
When chemical properties were repeated
143
Mendeleev left gaps in his periodic table because
No known elements fit there
144
Each column of the periodic table is
A group
145
The periodic law states that elements that have similar properties appear
At regular intervals
146
As you mice from up to down in a column of the periodic table, elements have
A higher atomic number
147
What is the location of elements in the periodic table related to
Electron arrangement
148
Elements that belong to the same group have the same number of
Valence electrons
149
Atoms that gain or lose electrons are called
Ions
150
Elements that have one valence electron tend to
Be highly reactive
Form ions
Become charged
151
The three main groups of elements are
Metals
Nonmetals
Semiconductors
152
Most elements are
Metals
153
Most elements on the left side of the periodic table are
Metals
154
Most nonmetals are
Brittle
155
Each element in an element family share the same
Number of valence electrons
156
Elements in an element family have similar
Chemical properties
157
How do you know they potassium, an alkali metal, is highly reactive
It has one valence electron
158
Are noble gases highly reactive
No
159
What do noble gases exist as
Single atoms
160
When can semiconductors conduct heat and electricity
Under some conditions
161
In his version of the periodic table, Mendeleev based his arrangement of the elements on an element's
Atomic mass
162
The order of the elements in the modern periodic table is based on an element's
Atomic number
163
Elements in a family often have a similar
Appearance
164
Where are the alkali metals located
The left-most column of the periodic table
165
Group 18 noble gases are relatively inert because
Their s and p orbitals are filled
166
Which element is a semiconductor
Silicon
167
Mendeleev studied the properties of elements and looked for
Patterns
168
As one moves from left to right across a period in the modern periodic table, elements become
Less metallic
169
A lithium ion is much less reactive than a lithium atom because
If has a filled outer s orbital
170
Metals tend to be
Good conductors of heat
171
Most halogens form compounds by
Gaining an electron to form a negative ion
172
Transition metals such as copper or tungsten form compounds by
Losing electrons to form positive ions
173
Silicon, a semiconductor, is often found in
Computers
174
What does the periodic law state
When elements are arranged by atomic number, elements with similar properties appear at regular intervals
175
What are nonmetals sometimes called because they do not conduct heat or electricity well
Insulators
176
What is another name for semiconductors
Metalloid a
177
Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals
Semiconductors
178
Reactive elements of group 17 that are poor conductors
Halogens
179
Highly reactive elements that belong to group 1
Alkali metals
180
Elements that belong to groups 3-12 and are somewhat reactive
Transition metals
181
Group 2 elements that have two valence electrons
Alkaline-earth metals
182
A compound differs from a mixture because it
Is held together by chemical bonds
183
Which compound is formed from a tight network of oppositely charged ions
Salt, NaCl
184
Often atoms join so that each atom will have
An outermost energy level that is full of electrons
185
The bonds that hold atoms together behave most like
Flexible springs
186
An ionic bond is a bond that forms between
Ions with opposite charges
187
In which type of bond do atoms share electrons
Covalent bonds
188
The anion formed from an oxygen atom is called
An oxide ion
189
Fe2O3 is names iron (III) oxide because it contains
Fe3+ ions
190
The name for the compound with the formula Cr2O3 would be written as
Chromium (III) oxide
191
A carbon atom can bond to four other atoms because it has
Four valence electrons
192
Alcohols are organic compounds that contain
Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
193
Which compounds have carbon-carbon double bonds
Alkenes
194
The "rings" of the DNA "ladder" are made up of
Paired monomers
195
Some polymers are elastic because they are made of
Tangles chains
196
Is salt a compound
Yes
197
Atoms and ions are held together by
Chemical bonds
198
Which of the following models could be used to compare the sizes of atoms in a molecule
Space-filling
199
There are strong bonds between the atoms in a piece of quartz
These bonds give quartz a
Hugh melting point
200
The attraction between molecules tends to be ______ the attraction between ions
Weaker than
201
Which molecules are most strongly attracted to one another
Water molecules
202
Sugar has a lower melting point than salt because sugar is made of
Molecules
203
A hydrogen bond between water molecules is which of the following when compared with the bonds within an individual water molecule
It is weaker
204
A compound with only two atoms would not have a
Bind angle
205
What model would show the bond angle
Ball-and-stick
206
Atoms sometimes form bonds to
Become more stable
207
Copper atoms are held together by ______ bonds
Metallic
208
Sodium has one electron in its outer shell and chlorine has seven electrons in its outer shell
The atoms will
Form an IONIC bond by TRANSFERRING their electrons
209
Oxygen atoms have 6 electrons in their outer shells
| When two oxygen atoms bond, they will form a
COVALENT bond by SHARING their electrons
210
An ionic compound of calcium and chlorine would be named
Calcium chloride
211
A covalent compound made of one sulfur and two oxygen atoms would be named
Sulfur dioxide
212
An ionic compound made of copper (Cu2+) and oxygen would be named
Copper (II) oxide
213
The covalent compound N2O5 would be named
Dinitrogen pentoxide
214
Because the overall charge in a compound must be ________, the charge of iron in Fe2O3 can be calculated as 3+
0 (zero)
215
The chemical formula for an ionic compound of aluminum and chlorine is
AlCl3
216
The __________ formula of a compound is written in the simplest whole number ratio of atoms
Empirical
217
The formula C6H12O6 would be the what formula for glucose
Chemical and molecular
218
All organic compounds MUST contain the element
Carbon
219
The atoms in organic molecules are held together by
Covalent bones
220
The atoms of propane are held together by
Single bonds
221
Ethene differs from ethane in that it has a
Double bond
222
An alcohol must contain
-OH group
223
Polypropylene would be called a what because it contains a repeating pattern of propylenes
Polymer
224
What is a polymer that contains many different molecules of amino acids
Protein
225
What polymer determines your genetic makeup
DNA
226
A polymer of sugar molecules is called a
Carbohydrate
227
A compound is held together by
Chemical bonds
228
Each molecule of hydrochloric acid, HCl, contains one atom of hydrogen and
One atom of chlorine
229
In which substance do the molecules have the strongest attractions to one another
Sugar, a solid
230
In a metallic bond, the nucleus of one atom is attracted by a nearby atom's
Electrons
231
The name for the compound with the formula CuBr2 would be written as
Copper (II) bromide
232
Formaldehyde, CH2O, and acetic acid, C2H4O2, have the same empirical formulas but different
Molecular formulas
233
The simplest organic compound is
Methane
234
Polymers are large organic molecules that are made of
Repeating units
235
A protein is a polymer that is made of
Amino acids
236
The forces that hold different atoms or ions together are
Chemical bonds
237
Each molecule of table sugar, C12H22O11, contains
12 atoms of carbon
22 atoms of hydrogen
11 atoms of oxygen
238
Gases take up a lot of space because gas molecules
Are not attracted to one another
239
Covalent bonds are formed between
Nonmetals atoms
240
Copper is a good conductor of electricity because it's electrons
Can move from atom to atom
241
It is possible for different covalent compounds to have the same empirical formula because empirical formulas represent
A ratio of atoms in the compound
242
Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain
Single covalent bonds only
243
What are the prefixes for ionic compounds
```
1 = mono
2 = di
3 = tri
4 = tetra
5 = penta
6 = hexa
7 = hepta
8 = octa
9 = nona
10 = deca
```
244
An oatmeal raisin cookie is an example of a
Heterogenous mixture
245
What determines whether a mixture is a suspension or a colloid
Size do particles
246
Chlorine, which is used in swimming pools to kill bacteria, is a
Solute
247
Pennies minted after 1984 contain 97.5% zinc and 2.5% copper
These coins are examples of
Alloys
248
Two liquids that form a heterogenous mixture are said to be
Immiscible
249
What is a method for separating a solution of muscible liquids
Distilling
250
Is gasoline a homogenous mixture
Yeah
251
Particles in a what can be separated by filtration
Suspension
252
The Tyndall effect is observed in
Collide
253
The electrons in a water molecule are gathered nearest to
The one oxygen atom
254
A molecule that has partially charged positive and negative areas is
Polar
255
Because many substances dissolve in water, water is referred to as
The universal solvent
256
Which is not a reason that a sugar crystal dissolves in water
Sugar decays
257
Which would not increase the rate at which a sugar cube dissolves
Reducing the amount of solvent
258
Dissolving sodium chloride in water will
Lower the freezing point of the solution
259
Which mixture is a good example of the way a solute can affect the freezing point and boiling point of a solution
Ethene glycol and water
260
What will not dissolve in water
Petroleum
261
What type of bonding occurs between two water molecules
Hydrogen bonding
262
Compounds that do not dissolve in water are usually
Nonpolar
