Infectious

Question 1

You feed raw chicken based food to your cat and now there is a mild rhinitis and neurologic signs. What is the likely VIRAL infectious agent causing these signs?

Answer 1

H5N1

Question 2

What are the primary bacterial agents for acute feline URI?

Answer 2

Bordetella bronchiseptica
Chlamydia felis
Mycoplasma spp.

Question 3

What are common secondary bacterial infections for acute feline URI?

Answer 3

Pasteurella
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Anaerobes

Question 4

Feline Viral Agent: Eyes and Nose

Answer 4

Herpesvirus

Question 5

Feline Viral Agent: Nose and Mouth

Answer 5

Calicivirus

Question 6

What are the important bacterial pathogens of CIRDC?

Answer 6

Bordetella bronchiseptica
Mycoplasma spp. (cynos)
Strep equi var zooepidemicus

Question 7

What are the important viral pathogens of CIRDC?

Answer 7

Adenovirus 2
Influenza
Distemper
Parainfluenza

Question 8

What is the treatment for chronic viral URTD with FHV only?

Answer 8

Lysine
Topical cidofovir
Oral famciclovir

Question 9

What is the treatment for chronic viral URTD with FHV-1 or FCV?

Answer 9

Interferons
IN vaccine
Probiotics
Stress management

Question 10

What is the primary treatment for bacterial CIRDC?

Answer 10

Doxycycline
Amoxicillin-clavulanate

Question 11

What is the rescue therapy for bacterial CIRDC?

Answer 11

Fluroquinolones
Azithromycin
Cephalosporins

Question 12

How is FIV transmitted?

Answer 12

Parenteral innoculation - re-test 60d after a bite wound
Venereal
Lactational

Question 13

What are the primary diseases syndromes of FIV?

Answer 13

Fever
Enteritis
Glomerulonephritis
Renal azotemia
Uveitis
Behavioral/neurologic
Lymphoma

Question 14

How is FIV diagnosed?

Answer 14

Screening = antibodies
PCR assay

Question 15

How is FeLV transmitted?

Answer 15

Chronic contact
Passive transmission can occur

Question 16

What are the primary disease syndromes of FeLV?

Answer 16

Lymphoma (nasal, mediastinal)
Cytopathies (pancytopenia, non-regenerative anemia with big MCV)
Secondary infections

Question 17

How is FeLV diagnosed?

Answer 17

p27 antigen (blood, serum, plasma) - ELISA, IFA
Virus isolation
PCR

Question 18

What are the 4 possible outcomes of FeLV infection?

Answer 18

Progressive infection (probably will have FeLV syndrome)
Regressive infection (can fight off infection)
Abortive exposure (never become positive)
Focal infection (bone marrow infection only)

Question 19

What are mycotic differentials for hemorrhagic nasal discharge?

Answer 19

Aspergillus
Cryptococcus
Sporothrix

Question 20

What bloodwork abnormalities are pathognomonic for FeLV?

Answer 20

Macrocytosis without reticulocytosis

Question 21

Answer 21

Hemoplasma

Question 22

What are the clinical findings of hemoplasmosis in cats?

Answer 22

Most are subclinical
Acute: fever, pale mm, lethargy/depression, splenomegaly, icterus
Chronic: fever, recurrence of acute disease

Question 23

How is hemoplasmosis diagnosed?

Answer 23

PCR most sensitive
Cytology

Question 24

How is hemoplasmosis treated?

Answer 24

Doxycycline
Quinolones

Question 25

What is the most likely cause of endogenous uveitis in the cat?

Answer 25

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 26

How is toxoplasma diagnosed?

Answer 26

Serology (IgG, IgM)

Question 27

How is toxoplasma treated?

Answer 27

Clindamycin Topical pred acetate

Question 28

The only way to diagnose a primary retrovirus associated illness is to.....?

Answer 28

Exclude other causes of the clinical syndrome

Question 29

Answer 29

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 30

The only way to determine the prognosis for a secondary infection with FIV/FeLV is to ...?

Answer 30

Treat!

Question 31

What fungal agent?

Answer 31

Microsporum canis

Question 32

Which fungal agent?

Answer 32

Sporothrix schenckii

Question 33

Answer 33

Cryptococcus neoformans/gatii

Question 34

Answer 34

Aspergillus

Question 35

What are differentials for an intersitial/nodular lung pattern?

Answer 35

Cryptococcus Blastomyces Histoplasma

Question 36

Differentials?

Answer 36

Cryptococcus Blastomyces Histoplasma

Question 37

Answer 37

Blastomyces

Question 38

Answer 38

Histoplasma

Question 39

Answer 39

Coccidioides

Question 40

Answer 40

Cryptococcus

Question 41

How are fungal diseases diagnosed?

Answer 41

Serology Cytology --> hyphae

Question 43

Fungal cause of discospondylitits

Answer 43

Coccidioides

Question 44

Fungal cause of nasal disease

Answer 44

Cryptococcus

Question 45

Fungal cause of skin disease

Answer 45

Blastomyces

Question 46

Fungal cause of urinary disease

Answer 46

Blastomyces

Question 47

Fungal cause of colitis

Answer 47

Histoplasma

Question 48

Fungal cause of bone marrow disease

Answer 48

Histoplasma

Question 49

Systemic Fungi diagnostics

Answer 49

Serology Cytology (LN, lung) Histopathology Culture PCR

Question 50

Systemic fungi treatment

Answer 50

Static: ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole Cidal: amphotericin B

Question 51

Static antifungal

Answer 51

Ketoconazole Itraconazole Fluconazole

Question 52

Cidal antifungal

Answer 52

Amphotericin B

Question 53

Antifungal liver toxicity

Answer 53

Itraconazole

Question 54

Antifungal renal toxicity

Answer 54

Amphotericin B

Question 55

What are the most common clinical manifestation of borrelia burgdorferi in dogs and cats?

Answer 55

Nothing Polyarthritis Lyme nephritis

Question 56

What breeds are most likely to develop lyme nephritis?

Answer 56

Labs Goldens

Question 57

How is borrelia burgdorferi diagnosed?

Answer 57

ELISA/IFA Western blot SNAP 4dx *No need for PCR or quantitative tests!!*

Question 58

How is borrelia burgdorferi treated?

Answer 58

Doxycycline Amoxicillin

Question 59

Should we currently vaccinate dogs for B. burgdorferi if they never leave Colorado?

Answer 59

No! Don't vaccinate in non-endemic areas

Question 60

What is the vector of borrelia burgdorferi?

Answer 60

Ixodes scapularis (Also anaplasma phagocytophilum)

Question 61

What is the vector for Ehrlichia canis?

Answer 61

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Question 62

What is the vector for Anaplasma phagocytophilum?

Answer 62

Ixodes spp. (Also borrelia burgdorferi)

Question 63

What are the 6 agents associated with Rhipicephalus?

Answer 63

Ehrlichia canis Anaplasma platys Heptaozoon canis Babesia vogeli Rickettsia rickettsii Mycoplasma haemocanis

Question 64

Why do E. canis dogs bleed?

Answer 64

Vasculitis Anti-platelet antibodies Severe thrombocytopenia

Question 65

What gammopathies are associated with Ehrlichia?

Answer 65

Polyclonal or monoclonal

Question 66

How is Ehrlichia diagnosed?

Answer 66

PCR Antibody (IFA, ELISA)

Question 67

What agents are tested on a 4dx SNAP?

Answer 67

Ehrlichia Anaplasma Borrelia Heartworm

Question 68

When is PCR more beneficial with Ehrlichia?

Answer 68

Acute!

Question 69

What are the treatments for Ehrlichia?

Answer 69

Doxycycline Imidocarb diproprionate *Treat for 28d minimum!!*

Question 70

Is a bite to die vs a repellent more likely to prevent ehrlichiosis? Borrelia?

Answer 70

Repellant: Ehrlichiosis Bite to die: Borrelia

Question 71

Answer 71

Cytauxzoon felis (Amblyomma americanum)

Question 72

Answer 72

Brown dog tick: babesia vogeli Pitbull: babesia gibsoni

Question 73

Answer 73

Neospora caninum

Question 74

Answer 74

Heptaozoon americanum (ambylomma ticks)