PDA Flashcards
What conditions can cause a hyperkinetic pulse?
Aortic regurgitation
PDA
Anemia
Arteriovenous fistula
Bradycardia
What is the diagnostic strategy for evaluating a young dog or cat with a loud heart murmur?
Thoracic radiographs (CHF)
Echocardiogram
Blood pressure
+/- bloodwork (anemia)
What are the auscultatory features of an innocent/functional heart murmur?
Sensitive (changes with position/respiration)
Short duration (protosysolic)
Single (no associated clicks/gallops)
Small (limited to a small area, does not radiate)
Soft (low amplitude, <3/6)
Systolic
What are the 5 differentials for a loud systolic heart murmur in a puppy? Where would the murmur be loudest for each differential?
Subaortic stenosis (left heart base, poor femoral pulse)
Pulmonary valve stenosis (left heart base, normal pulse)
Ventricular septal defect (right thorax)
Tricuspid valve dysplasia/regurgitation (right apex)
Mitral valve dysplasia/regurgitation (left apex)
Puppy murmur: left heart base, poor femoral pulse
Subaortic stenosis
Puppy murmur: left heart base, normal pulse
Pulmonary valve stenosis
Puppy murmur: right thorax
VSD
Puppy murmur: right apex
Tricuspid valve dysplasia/regurgitation
Puppy murmur: left apex
Mitral valve dysplasia/regurgitation
What is the most common congenital heart disease in the dog?
PDA
What is the most common congenital heart disease in the cat?
VSD
What are the radiographic findings associated with a PDA?
LA and LV enlargement
Pulmonary overcirculation (aa. and vv. enlargement)
Perihilar edema
Ao dilation
Why is aortic velocity increased with a PDA?
Increased venous return to the left heart
What is the pathophysiology of PDA?
Connection between PA and Ao
L –> R shunt
Pulmonary overcirculation, increased venous return, hyperkinetic pulse
LV, LA dilatation
What is the pulse quality associated with PDA? Why?
Wide pulse pressure (systolic - diastolic)
Secondary to diastolic runoff in PA = lower diastolic
