Stabilizing Respiratory Emergencies

Question 1

Visual and Auditory: Upper Airway

Answer 1

Stertor, stridor
Obstructive pattern

Question 2

Define: Stertor

Answer 2

Low pitch snoring
Tissue vibration (ex. soft palate obstructing trachea)

Question 3

Define: Stridor

Answer 3

High pitch musical whistle
Air whistles past obstruction (ex. larpar)

Question 4

Define: Obstructive Pattern

Answer 4

Slow and deep
Something in airway

Question 5

Define: Restrictive Pattern

Answer 5

Rapid and shallow
Something in lungs or pleural space

Question 6

Visual and Auditory: Parenchyma, Pleural

Answer 6

Restrictive pattern

Question 7

What are the components of the hands-on exam with respiratory emergencies?

Answer 7

1. Listen to heart and feel femoral pulse
2. Check distal limb temperature
3. Listen for lung fields
4. MM color, CRT

Question 8

What is indicative of lung crackles?

Answer 8

Fluid

Question 9

What is indicative of wheezes?

Answer 9

Bronchoconstriction/narrowed airway

Question 10

Where will there be a lack of lung sounds with pleural effusion and pneumothorax?

Answer 10

Effusion: no sounds ventral
Pneumothorax: no sounds dorsal

Question 11

How is DO2 calculated?

Answer 11

Question 12

What are the 3 goals of supplemental oxygen?

Answer 12

1. Saturate every hemoglobin molecule with oxygen
2. Dissolve more oxygen into plasma to increase concentration gradient
3. Make it easier for the animal to breathe

Question 13

Butorphanol

Answer 13

0.1-0.4 mg/kg IV
Cough suppressant, respiratory depressant

Question 14

What effects do opioids have on stabilizing respiratory emegencies?

Answer 14

Decreased sensitivity to hypercapnia
Respiratory depressant
Decreased central processing of dyspnea
Mild anxiolytic

Question 15

Acepromazine

Answer 15

Dose: 0.005 - 0.1 mg/kg IV
Vasodilation: alpha1 blockade, cooling effect through skin

Question 16

What are 5 indications for intubation?

Answer 16

Upper airway obstruction
Unprotected airway
Hypoventilation
Respiratory fatigue
Respiratory failure

Question 17

Sedation Drug Choice: 8 year old MC lab with laryngeal paralysis

Answer 17

Healthy
Butorphanol, acepromazine, propofol

Question 18

Sedation Drug Choice: 6 year old MC dalmatian with megaesophagus, 3 days of progressive cough, dyspnea, pyrexia

Answer 18

A little sick
Butorphanol, ketamine, midazolam
~No prop~

Question 19

Sedation Drug Choice: 14 year old FS shihtzu with 1.5 year history of left CHF, marked dyspnea, cyanosis, orthopnea

Answer 19

Very sick
Opioid + midazolam or just opioid
~No prop or ketamine~

Question 20

How should we dose induction and CRI drugs?

Answer 20

Use whatever drug you induced with for CRI starting rate

Question 21

What are the pros of cric tubes?

Answer 21

Patient stays in sternal
No sedation required
30 second procedure
Simple technique
Easy landmarks
Dogs or cats