Lecture 6 Flashcards
Body Modification
Defined as cosmetics or imitation, adornments, tattoos, scarification, piercing, cutting, etc.
Give an example of how body modification has become mainstream:
Previously, it used to be the case that runway models could not have any sort of body modification. However, it is now common.
What is an effect of the normalization of body modification?
The old associations fade into the background.
What is a critique against tattoos?
Violate core mainstream appearance norms?
The idea that tattoos violate core mainstream appearance norms is especially prevalent when:
The person does not conceal, or the tattoo cannot be concealed.
Which gender is more concerned about parents objecting to visible tattoos?
Women.
Stigma
Any kind of negative attitudes or beliefs that are held about people who are perceived as different.
People who have tattoos are stigmatized to:
Have poor decision making skills, easily swayed by peer pressure, had unhappy childhoods, made a mistake while they were drunk, poor, rebellious.
What happens to those who are stigmatized?
Those who experience stigmatization experience alienation, isolation.
Where do college students choose to get tattoos?
On body parts that are easy to cover.
People frown upon ___ with tattoos more than ___ with tattoos.
Women, men.
Women who get tattoos are viewed as…
Being gender-role violators.
Why do people get tattoos?
- Self-expressions.
- Representations of bonds with friends, family.
- On a dare.
- People with tattoos score higher on need for uniqueness, extraversion, and experience seeking.
Tattoos correlate with which negative things?
- Tattoos on females predicted rave attendance.
- Substance abuse.
- On males, correlates with substance abuse and risk-taking behaviours.
- Also associated with lower mental health status.
- Lack of religious affiliation.
- Extended period of incarceration.
- Youth have higher rates of hostility, aggression, and anxiety.
- People’s histories of having emotional, physical, and sexual abuse.
- Histories of abuse and suicidal thoughts.
Tattoos correlate with which positive things?
- Higher self-esteem.
- Tattooed youth are more likely to be more sexually active. Began sexual activity earlier.
- Helps people regain control over their bodies after abuse.
___ are more likely to get a tattoo than ___.
Women, men.
___ are more likely to seek tattoo removal.
Women.
Women with 4 or more tattoos are:
More likely to have lower levels of self-esteem, higher levels of depression, and more likely to report a history of suicide attempts.
Why are women with 4 or more tattoos more likely to have lower levels of self-esteem, higher levels of depression, and more likely to report a history of suicide attempts?
Women are more likely to seek emotional restoration through tattoos to a greater degree than men.
Non-Suicidal Self Injury
The deliberate infliction of damage, pain, or both to one’s own body without being suicidal. Can include scratching, burning, cutting, carving, bone-breaking.
True or false? People self harm out of mood or emotional regulation.
True.
True or false? Piercing or tattoos may serve as socially acceptable form of self-harming.
True.
Emo
Subculture that often engages in self-harming behaviours. Also often get tattoos. Sometimes overlap.
What is the social aspect of self-harm?
Those who self-harm say that “everyone is doing it.” Large proportion of today’s self harmers heard about it from outside sources. Most of them know other people who self-harm, discuss self-harming with friends, and self-harm with friends.
