Regions of Brain/ Blood Supply and Lesions (4-5 Star!!) Flashcards

1
Q
  • What symptoms would occlusion of anterior cerebral artery produce?
A
  1. motor/ sensory issues of lower limb and foot
  • sensory if more posterior; motor if more anterior, can be both
  • unilateral occlusion would produce sx on contralateral side
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2
Q

*what symptoms would occlusion of middle cerebral artery produce?

A
  1. motor/sensory issues in upper limbs (hand) and face; also affects Broca’s area
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3
Q

What symptoms would be seen with Posterior cerebral artery occlusion? Why?

A

Vision loss–> serves occipital lobe

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4
Q

What hemisphere is dominant for most people?

A

Left (usually opposite to hand you write with, but not always)

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5
Q

What deficits seen in Broca’s aphasia?

A

Can comprehend, but not reply in complete sentences or may put words in wrong order/ leave them out

*non-fluent aphasia; Brocas controls motor function of mouth

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6
Q

What deficits seen in Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Cannot comprehend; can speak in full sentences, but they dont make any sense (W = What?)

*fluent aphasia–> Wernicke’s is the associative auditory cortex

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7
Q

What deficits seen in Conduction aphasia? What is damaged?

A

Interuption of arcuate fasciculus, which connects Broca’s to Wernicke’s–> Can speak and understand, but CANNOT REPEAT

*no connection between what they hear and what they say since arcuate is lost

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8
Q

What is damaged in global aphasia? Deficits?

A

Both Broca’s and Wernicke’s affected; non-fluent aphasia + impaired comprehension of speech

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9
Q

What happens if Broca’s is damaged on the right side (or non-dominant Broca’s aphasia)?

A

Cannot express emotion or inflection in speech

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10
Q

What happens in non-dominant (right side usually) damage to Wernicke’s (non-dominant Wernicke aphasia)?

A

Cannot understand emotion or inflection in speech

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11
Q

Hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior.. whaere is lesion? Name of issue?

A

Bilateral lesion of amygdala–> Kluver- Bucy syndrome

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12
Q

Defects in concentration, logical thought, orientation, disinhibition, personality change and reemergence of primitive reflexes

A

Frontal lobe lesion

*due to atrophy if chronic; ischemia if acute

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13
Q

hemispatial neglect

A

lesion to non-dominant parietal lobe (usually the right)

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14
Q

*** inability to write, calculate, finger agnosia and left-right disorientation–> name of issue and where is the lesion

A

Gertsman syndrome–> lesion in dominant parietal lobe, usually at the angular gyrus

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15
Q

Confusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia, memory loss with confabulation, personality changes–> where is lesion and what is d/o?

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome–> lesion in mamillary bodies (bilateral); associated with thiamine (B1) deficiency, common cause is alcholism

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16
Q

Tremor at rest, chorea

A

Basal ganglia

17
Q

tremors only when initiating movement (intention tremor), limb ataxia, loss of balance–> where is lesion

A

Cerebellar hemisphere–> falls to side of lesion; deficits are ipsilateral to lesion

18
Q

truncal ataxia, dysarthria

A

Cerebellar vermis lesion–> affects things in the midline

19
Q

Amnesia

A

Hippocampal lesion

20
Q

eyes deviate away from lesion

A

PPRF

21
Q

eyes deviate toward lesion

A

Frontal eye field

22
Q

Paralysis of upward gaze–> lesion and what is this symptom called?

A

Supperior colliculus lesion–> paralysis of upward gaze called Parinaud’s syndrome

23
Q

Carotids come from which aortic arch

A

3rd

*C is 3d letter of alphabet

24
Q

What three structures are in the carotid sheath

A

Carotid a (common and internal), internal jugular v, vagus n.

25
Q

Main blood supply to brainstem and cerebellum

A
  1. Vertebral artery

2. Basilar artery

26
Q

Before joining basilar artery, what two arteries does the vertebral give off

A
  1. Anterior spinal a.

2. Posterior inferior cerebellar a.