Repro Flashcards
1
Q
Lymph drainage of ovary/testis
A
Para-aortic LN
2
Q
Lymph drainage of distal vagina/vulva/scrotum
A
superficial inguinal node
3
Q
Lymph drainage of proximal vagina/uterus
A
Obturator, external iliac and hypogastric nodes
4
Q
Lymph drainage of anterior/lateral cervix
A
external iliac node
5
Q
Lymph drainage of posterior/lateral cervix
A
internal iliac node
6
Q
Lymph drainage of posterior cervix
A
obturator and presacral nodes
7
Q
What do the infundibulopelvic ligaments contain?
A
ovarian vessels
8
Q
What does the infundibulopelvic ligament do?
A
connects ovaries to lateral pelvic wall
9
Q
What do the cardinal ligaments contain?
A
uterine vessels
10
Q
What do the cardinal ligaments do?
A
connects cervix to side wall of pelvis
11
Q
What does the round ligament do?
A
connects uterine fundus to labia majora
12
Q
What does the broad ligament do?
A
connects uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries to pelvic side wall
13
Q
What is contained within the broad ligament?
A
contains ovaries, fallopian tubes and round ligaments of uterus
14
Q
What does the ovarian ligament do?
A
connects medial pole of ovary to lateral uterus
15
Q
Which female ligament is a derivative of the gubernaculum?
A
Round ligament
16
Q
List the 3 parts of the broad ligament
A
mesosalpinx
mesometrium
mesovarium
17
Q
Path of sperm during ejaculation.
A
SEVEN UP Seminiferous tubules Epididymis Vas deferens Ejaculatory ducts Nothing Urethra Penis
18
Q
Erection innervation
A
Parasympathetic (pelvic)
19
Q
Emission innervation
A
Sympathetic (hypogastric)
20
Q
Ejaculation innervation
A
Visceral and somatic (pudendal)
21
Q
Estrogen from ovary
A
17-beta-estradiol
22
Q
Estrogen from placenta
A
estriol
23
Q
Estrogen from adipose tissue
A
estrone
24
Q
Potency of estrogens
A
estradiol > estrone > estriol
25
What female cells does FSH act on?
Granulosa cells
26
What female cells does LH act on?
theca cells
27
What triggers lactation after delivery?
fall in progesterone disinhibits prolactin
28
Primary oocyte cell cycle arrest
Prophase I (until ovulation)
29
Secondary oocyte cell cycle arrest
Metaphase II (until fertilization)
30
How long does it take for fertilization of an ovulated egg to occur?
must be fertilized in one day
31
How long does it take a fertilized egg to implant?
6 days after fertilization
32
When can home pregnancy tests detect beta-hCG?
2 weeks after conception
33
When can you detect beta-hCG in blood?
1 week after conception
34
Hormone levels in Klinefleters
High FSH, LH
High estrogen
Low testosterone
35
Hormone levels in Turners
High FSH, LH
| Low estrogen
36
Hormone levels in defective androgen receptor
High LH
| High testosterone
37
Hormone levels in testosterone-secreting tumors (or exogenous steroids)
High testosterone
| Low LH
38
Hormone levels in primary hypogonadism
High LH
| Low testosterone
39
Hormone levels in Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Low LH
| Low testosterone
40
Hormone levels in aromatase deficiency
- Increase serum testosterone and androstenedione (in female infant)
- Maternal virilization (androgens cross placenta)
41
Hormone levels in androgen insensitivity syndrome
- High testosterone, estrogen
| - High LH
42
Hormone levels in 5-alpha reductase deficiency
Normal testosterone/estrogen
| Normal to high LH
43
Hormone levels in Kallmann syndrome
Low GnRH
Low FSH, LH
Low testosterone
44
What are the stipulations for gestational HTN?
- After 20th week
| - BP >140/90
45
What are the stipulations for preeclampsia?
- After 20th week
- BP >140/90
- Proteinuria >300 mg/24 hours
46
What are the stipulations for HELLP?
- Hemolysis
- Elevated liver enzymes
- Low platelet levels
47
When do you deliver for gestational HTN?
39 weeks
48
When do you deliver for preeclampsia (mild)?
37 weeks
49
When do you deliver for preeclampsia (severe)?
34 weeks
50
When do you deliver for eclampsia or HELLP?
immediately
51
Treatment for endometritis
Gentamicin + clindamycin +/- ampicillin
52
What female cells produce progesterone and androgens?
theca interna
53
What stimulates theca interna?
LH
54
What does FSH do in the ovary?
stimulates granulosa cell to convert androgen to estradiol
55
Hormone levels in PCOD
High LH, High FSH (3:1 ratio)
High testosterone (low SHBG)
High estrogen
Low testosterone
56
What do OCPs do for PCOD?
estrogen increases SHBG and decrease LH which leads to decreased free testosterone
57
What does clomiphene citrate do for PCOD?
Increases fertility: BLocks negtive feedback from circulating estrogen to increase FSH and LH
58
What does metformin do for PCOD?
- Increase insulin sensitivity
- Decrease insulin levels
- This decreases testosterone and enables LH surge
59
Distention of unruptured graafian follicle
Follicular cyst
60
Hemorrhage into persistent CL
corpus luteum cyst
61
Cyst type that is often multiple and b/l
Theca-lutein cyst
62
Blood vessel rupture in cyst wall
Hemorrhagic cyst
63
Mature teratoma
dermoid cyst
64
Endometriosis within ovary
Endometrioid (chocolate) cyst
65
Common, thin-walled benign ovarian neoplasm lined with fallopian-like epithelium (often b/l)
Serous cystadenoma
66
Multiloculated, large benign ovarian neoplasm lined by mucus-secreting epithelium
Mucinous cystadenoma
67
Benign ovarian mass arising from growth of ectopic endometrial tissue
Endometrioma
68
Benign germ cell tumor in women 20-30 that contains tissue from all 3 germ cell layers
Mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst)
69
Benign ovarian neoplasm that looks like bladder (coffee bean nuclei on H&E; yellow colon grossly and appears encapsulated)
Brenner tumor
70
Benign ovarian neoplasm with bundles of spindle shaped fibroblasts
Fibroma
71
What is Meigs syndrome?
```
Triad:
-Ovrian fibroma
-Ascites
-Hydrothorax
(get pulling sensation on groin)
```
72
Benign ovarian tumors similar to granulosa cells tumors that may produce estrogen
Thecoma
73
Malignant ovarian neoplasm containing fetal neuroectoderm and usually thyroid tissue
immature teratoma
74
Most common sex cord stomal tumor with Call-Exner bodies and presents as sexual precocity in pre-adolescents (due to production of estrogen/progesterone)
Granulosa cell tumor
75
Most common malignant ovarian neoplasm and has psammoma bodies
serous cystadenocarcinoma
76
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
77
Malignant ovarian neoplasm with sheets of uniform "fried egg" cells and secretes hCG and LDH
Dysgerminoma
78
Malignant ovarin neoplasm due to malignant trophoblastic tissue
Choriocarcinoma
79
Schiller-Duval bodies (look like glomeruli) in ovary or testes and AFP secretion
```
Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor
(most common tumor of male infants)
```
80
Mucin-secreting signet cells
Krukenberg tumor (GI malignancy that metastasizes to ovary)
81
Sarcoma botryoides
Rhabdomyosarcoma variant (vaginal tumor of girls under 4 y/o that is desmin +)
82
Firm, fibrous "rock-hard" mass iwth sharp margins and grossly "stellate" infiltration
Invasive ductal carcinoma of breast
83
Orderly row of breast cancer cells "indian file" invasion
Invasive lobular carcinoma of breast
84
Fleshy, cellular breast mass with lymphocytic infiltrate
Medullary carcinoma of breast
85
Dermal lymphatic invasion by breast carcinoma
Inflammatory breast carcinoma (causes Peau d'orange)
86
Breast pathology with increased acini and intralobular fibrosis (associated with calcifications)
Sclerosing adenosis (not cancer but increases risk)
87
Treatment of acute breast mastitis (by staph aureus)
Dicloxacillin (and continue breastfeeding)
88
What prostate parts are enlarged in BPH?
Middle and lateral lobes (periurethral)
89
What prostate parts are affected by adenocarcinoma?
posterior lobe (peripheral zone)
90
Hormone levels in cryptorchidism
Low inhibin
High FSH, High LH
Testosterone (low if b/l, normal if u/l)
91
Painless homogenous testituclar enlargement in 3rd decade (high ALP)
Seminoma
92
Testicular tumor in boy <3 y/o (with Schiller-Duval bodies)
Yolk sac tumor
93
Testicular tumor with trophoblastic elements (may metastasize to lung and brain and see high hCG)
Choriocarcinoma
94
Teratoma in adult male prognosis
May be malignant (benign in children)
95
Malignant, hemorrhagic and painful testicular mass with necrosis and glandular/papillary morphology (high hCG when pure, high AFP when mixed)
Embryonal carcinoma
96
Reinke crystals
Leydig cell testicular tumor
97
Most common testicular cancer in old men
testicular lymphoma (metastases)
98
Leukoplakia on penile shaft
Bowen disease (squamous cell carcinoma in situ)
99
Erythroplakia on glans penis
Erythroplasia of Queyrat (squamous cell carcinoma in situ)
100
Reddish penis papules
Bowenoid papulosis (squamous cell carcinoma in situ)
