Section 6 Female Reproduction

Question 1

Do increased estrogen levels negatively or positively feedback to GnRH in the early to mid-follicular phase?

Answer 1

neg

Question 2

Do increased estrogen levels negatively or positively feedback to FSH in the early to mid-follicular phase?

Answer 2

negatively

Question 3

Do increased estrogen levels negatively or positively feedback to granuloma cells in the early to mid-follicular phase?

Answer 3

positively

Question 4

Do increased estrogen levels negatively or positively feedback to LH in the early to mid-follicular phase?

Answer 4

negatively

Question 5

Does high estrogen output negatively or positively feedback to GnRH in the late follicular phase and ovulation?

Answer 5

positively

Question 6

Does inhibin negatively or positively feedback to FSH in the late follicular phase and ovulation?

Answer 6

negatively

Question 7

Do small amounts of progesterone negatively or positively feedback to GnRH in the late follicular phase and ovulation?

Answer 7

positively

Question 8

Do small amounts of progesterone negatively or positively feedback to LH in the late follicular phase and ovulation?

Answer 8

positively

Question 9

On which cells do androgens act?

Answer 9

granulosa cells

Question 10

Increased levels of what will inhibit GNRH in the early to mid-luteal phase?

Answer 10

estrogen, progesterone, and inhibin

Question 11

True or False? Increased levels of estrogen, progesterone, and inhibin inhibit both FSH and LH.

Answer 11

T. check (both anterior and posterior pituitary gland.

Question 12

From where does the corpus luteum arise?

Answer 12

ovulated follicle

Question 13

Theca cells are analogous to:

Answer 13

leydig cells

Question 14

Theca call function:

Answer 14

make testosterone

Question 15

granulosa cells are analogous to:

Answer 15

male sertoli cells

Question 16

What do granuloma cells get surrounded by?

Answer 16

theca cells

Question 17

How many follicles does one egg contain?

Answer 17

one

Question 18

What is the germ cell number in the ovary dependent upon?

Answer 18

age

Question 19

How many ova and follicles are produced in utero?

Answer 19

5-7 million,

Question 20

How many ova do women have at birth?

Answer 20

about 1 million in the ovarian tissue

Question 21

Follicles contain:

Answer 21

ova

Question 22

True or False? There is a constant degradation of follicles throughout life.

Answer 22

T

Question 23

To what age can sperm production occur?

Answer 23

70’s

Question 24

Functions of follicle that develops and extrudes a viable ovum:

Answer 24

?

Question 25

1st half of ovarian cycle:

Answer 25

develop and mature follicles

Question 26

2nd half of ovarian cycle:

Answer 26

structure to support implantion and successful pregnancy

Question 27

Follicular phase is akaZ:

Answer 27

proliferative phase

Question 28

The proliferative phase is dependent upon:

Answer 28

estrogen, mainly

Question 29

The luteal phase is dependent upon:

Answer 29

progesterone, enhance secretions

Question 30

Inside follicle:

Answer 30

grnaulosa, and ova, theca cells outside basement membrane ( analogous to: interstitial cells and stroll cells)

Question 31

Antrum:

Answer 31

Fluid filled cavity

Question 32

What breaks down membrane before extrusion?

Answer 32

enzymes and pressure

Question 33

T or F. Women can feel which ovary is ovulating.

Answer 33

T. because of pain receptors

Question 34

Extrusion is:

Answer 34

estrogen dependent (check)

Question 35

Remnant follicle because

Answer 35

progesterone factory, taking up, cholesterol filled, less estrogen but still being releases

Question 36

folicular phase:

Answer 36

high estrogen, low progesterone. opposite for next phase

Question 37

Follicle structure from inside to outside:

Answer 37

ovum, granulosa, basement membrane, theca cells

Question 38

GnRH release causes release of:

Answer 38

LH and FSH

Question 39

Primary hormone in proliferative phase:

Answer 39

endometrium increases in size, more vessels grow in (all estrogen dependent)

Question 40

What happens to ductal tissue

Answer 40

ductal tissues become secretory to supply nutrients to implanting fertilized structure, latches on with fertilization, depend on secretion from uterus to provide energy

Question 41

Is there an inc or decrease in temperature

Answer 41

1/2 degree increase, progesterone effect

Question 42

How to know when you are ovulating?

Answer 42

vaginal temperature, core temperature

Question 43

Granulosa cells have what type of an effect?

Answer 43

auto and paracrin effect

Question 44

Which cells are increased more in the prol phase?

Answer 44

granulosa

Question 45

True or False? Theca cells have aromatase.

Answer 45

F

Question 46

Early and mid follicular phase:

Answer 46

drive production of estrogen locally to have auto and paracrine feedback to make more and more granuloma cells (more local estrogen production)

Question 47

What type of effect does an increase in estrogen levels have?

Answer 47

central effect, more and more granuloma cells with aromatase release (check)

Question 48

What leads to the blips of LH and FSH (overcoming the inhibitory effect)?

Answer 48

Supersensitation of cells to GnRH

Question 49

What happens within 24 hours of LH and FSH surge

Answer 49

release of ovum

Question 50

G cells at end of follicular phase

Answer 50

receptors for LH, LH then drives cholesterol side chain cleavage to progesterone

Question 51

Are you producing more progesterone or estrogen in the secretory phse?

Answer 51

progesterone

Question 52

Granuloma cells lose sensitivity to:

Answer 52

check

Question 53

True or False? Estrogen cases contractions of uterus while progesterone relaxes uterus.

Answer 53

T

Question 54

HCG coming from concepsus:

Answer 54

rescur c. luteum to maintain progesterone levels, and progesterone levels keep rising, HCG stays to maintiain uterine and breast tissue to convert to nutritive supply to the developing placenta

Question 55

What is the nutritive supply for the developing plancenta

Answer 55

Placental wall

Question 56

No HCG:

Answer 56

lose LH and central drive, lose the ability to make progesterone and go into menses (check)

Question 57

No progesterone input to uterus:

Answer 57

enter menses

Question 58

Estrogen replacement therapy:

Answer 58

highly mitotic action, breast cancer and ovarian cancer risk, neoplastic behavior

Question 59

Steroids:

Answer 59

genomic and mitotic actions

Question 60

True or False? Estrogen is a calcium antagost.

Answer 60

T

Question 61

True or False? Estrogen and progesterone both have central binding activities.

Answer 61

T

Question 62

Why does cardiovascular risk increase after ?

Answer 62

don't have calcium antagonism

Question 63

Exhaustion of primordial follicles:

Answer 63

menopause

Question 64

E(2) is:

Answer 64

estradiol

Question 65

Responsible for hot flashes:

Answer 65

progesterone

Question 66

T. Sex steroids alter temperature set point.

Answer 66

T (by acting on the hypothalamus)

Question 67

Does the phase of the vagina increase or decrease after pregnancy

Answer 67

decreases

Question 68

True or False? Luteal phase is a friendly sperm environment.

Answer 68

F. unfriendly. (more basic)

Question 69

What happens after fertilization?

Answer 69

uterus supplies nutrients, to transport across placenta and placenta takes over as hormones factory and autonomously secretory in nature

Question 70

Major anabolic phase of pregnancy:

Answer 70

1st half, storage mode,

Question 71

Human placental lactate can create:

Answer 71

gestational diabetes, too much insulin resistance, and no control of glucose levels

Question 72

hPL:

Answer 72

human placental lactin (check), growth hormone like, responsible for maternal insulin insensitivity