Section 6 Growth and Development

Question 1

Adrenal indufficieny:

Answer 1

no feedback to prevent the formation of ACTH, leads to stimulation of MSH

Question 2

What cells release growth hormone?

Answer 2

anterior pituitary gland, somatotrophs

Question 3

Somatomedins:

Answer 3

other factors responsible for linear growth, stimulate there compound to be released (bone differentiation formation, etc.)

Question 4

Insulin and IGF’s are examples of:

Answer 4

Somatomedins

Question 5

Insulin like growth factors:

Answer 5

IgF-1, IGF-2, etc

Question 6

major Insulin like growth factors:

Answer 6

IgF-1,

Question 7

I Gf-1 release from liver leads to:

Answer 7

the production of insulin like growth factors

Question 8

What are directly involved in bone tissues, organ growth, etc?

Answer 8

insulin like growth factors igf1 is the major one

Question 9

Metabolic effect of growth hormone:

Answer 9

increases blood glucose

Question 10

Anterior pituitary gland response to low carbohydrates in body:

Answer 10

somatostatin inhibits and suppresses growth hormone release OR positively regulate GNRH

Question 11

High carbs work through what limb?

Answer 11

somatostatin limb of growth hormone

Question 12

True or False? High proteins meals inhibit growth hormone release.

Answer 12

F. stimulates

Question 13

Effects of thyroxine, testosterones, and estradiol on growth hormone:

Answer 13

stimulatory (estrogen can inhibit bone growth by facilitating bone closure, fuse at the epiphyseal plates, premature closure)

Question 14

True or False? There is a circadian rhythm to growth hormone.

Answer 14

T. nocturnal pulse, pulse doesn’t change, but the amplitudes and length of pulse changes throughout life

Question 15

Major lipolytic hormone:

Answer 15

growth hormone (chews up fat from marshmallow kid to a leaner body)

Question 16

Effect of growth hormone on IGF1:

Answer 16

sensitizes peripheral tissues to IGF1q

Question 17

Problem with growth hormone use:

Answer 17

increases greater glucose use and insulin inhibition, can lead to diabetes

Question 18

How can a person become diabetic?

Answer 18

wipe out beta cells

Question 19

True or False? Any steady increase in blood glucose levels will lead to the inhibition of the action of insulin.

Answer 19

T (check)

Question 20

True or False? Thyroid hormone is a steroid.

Answer 20

F. steroid-like

Question 21

Tumors can release this in the anterior pituitary gland:

Answer 21

growth hormone

Question 22

True or False? Adenomas of the anterior pituitary gland are frequent.

Answer 22

T. (20-25%), benign

Question 23

excess of growth hormone leads to:

Answer 23

eccentuation of linear growth, increase in acrol structures

Question 24

Prepuberty:

Answer 24

still have the ability to grow linearly

Question 25

Different types of retarded growth:

Answer 25

excess of cortisol, nutritional, thyroxine deficit, precocious puberty, dwarfism (growth hormone insensitive (Laron Dwarfism) vs. responsive

Question 26

Effect of high ?

Answer 26

ca-P transport utake inhibition in Gastrointestinal, net negative balance in blood, constantly excreting in urine, leach ca and p from bone. If actively growing

Question 27

True or False? Steroids can contribute to a person getting osteoporosis.

Answer 27

T

Question 28

Ca/P level inbalance can lead to:

Answer 28

arrhythmia, bone resorption to maintain blood levels, intense pain during resorption

Question 29

growth hormone responsive dwarfism:

Answer 29

suppress growth hormone, suppress somatotrophs, can be kicked back into the growth cycle before puberty

Question 30

growth hormone insensitive dwarfism

Answer 30

peripheral insensitivity, lack of receptors, primarily in liver tissues, where insulin like growth factor arise (responsible for linear growth) no peripheral distal receptors

Question 31

Peripheral insensitivity to growth hormone:

Answer 31

Laron Dwarfism