Skeletal System Flashcards
(19 cards)
Functions Skeletal system
Structural support
Storage of Ca2+ and PO42-
Blood cell production in red marrow protection of soft tissue organs
Leverage that allows for delicate powerful movements
Shapes
Flat bone Long bone Short bone Irregular bone Sesamoid bone Sutural bone
Long Bone components
Proximal Epiphysis
Diaphysis
Distal Epiphysis
Bone
2/3 Calcium phosphate
1/3 Collagen
2% bone cells
Bone cells
1) Osteocytes
2) Osteoblasts
3) Osteoclasts
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells ( recycle Ca2+ salts, repair bone)
Osteoblasts
Responsible for osteogenesis/promote deposition of Ca2+ salts
Periosteum
Lining of the bone
2 types of bone in all bones
Compact bone
Spongy bone
Osteoclasts
Secrete acids, enzymes, and enzymes to dissolve bony matrix
Released stored materials
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Brittle bone disease
Bone Growth + Formation
- Begins at 6 weeks of fetal development
- Continues through adolescence (but begins to end at puberty)
- Cartilage models process ossification (bone formation)
- Two types of ossification
1) Intramembraneous ossification
2) Endochrondral ossification
Intramembraneous ossification
Differentiation and conversion to bone during embryonic and fetal development
Ex. Skull, Mandible, Clavicles
Endochrondral ossification
1) Cartilage - mini bone models during fetal development
2) Calcification occurs around cartilage /Chondrocytes die
* calcium phosphate deposits
3) Bone forma around outside
4) Blood vessels invade and provide nutrients
5) Bone enlarges - moves toward ends
6) Inner marrow cavity forms
Chondrocytes
Cartilage cells
At puberty
- Increased GNRH > Increased FSH/LH > Increased estrogen/ testosterone
- increased rate of bone formation relative to cartilage
- Closure of epiphyseal plate
Fracture
Any injury that disrupts the structural integrity of bone
Repair
1) Fracture hematoma forms
2) external and internal callus
3) External callus replaced with spongy bone
4) Remodling
Skeletal System
Bones, Cartilage, joints, ligaments
