Flashcards in Skeletal System Deck (19)
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1
Functions Skeletal system
Structural support
Storage of Ca2+ and PO42-
Blood cell production in red marrow protection of soft tissue organs
Leverage that allows for delicate powerful movements
2
Shapes
Flat bone
Long bone
Short bone
Irregular bone
Sesamoid bone
Sutural bone
3
Long Bone components
Proximal Epiphysis
Diaphysis
Distal Epiphysis
4
Bone
2/3 Calcium phosphate
1/3 Collagen
2% bone cells
5
Bone cells
1) Osteocytes
2) Osteoblasts
3) Osteoclasts
6
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells ( recycle Ca2+ salts, repair bone)
7
Osteoblasts
Responsible for osteogenesis/promote deposition of Ca2+ salts
8
Periosteum
Lining of the bone
9
2 types of bone in all bones
Compact bone
Spongy bone
10
Osteoclasts
Secrete acids, enzymes, and enzymes to dissolve bony matrix
Released stored materials
11
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Brittle bone disease
12
Bone Growth + Formation
*Begins at 6 weeks of fetal development
*Continues through adolescence (but begins to end at puberty)
* Cartilage models process ossification (bone formation)
*Two types of ossification
1) Intramembraneous ossification
2) Endochrondral ossification
13
Intramembraneous ossification
Differentiation and conversion to bone during embryonic and fetal development
Ex. Skull, Mandible, Clavicles
14
Endochrondral ossification
1) Cartilage - mini bone models during fetal development
2) Calcification occurs around cartilage /Chondrocytes die
*calcium phosphate deposits
3) Bone forma around outside
4) Blood vessels invade and provide nutrients
5) Bone enlarges - moves toward ends
6) Inner marrow cavity forms
15
Chondrocytes
Cartilage cells
16
At puberty
* Increased GNRH > Increased FSH/LH > Increased estrogen/ testosterone
* increased rate of bone formation relative to cartilage
* Closure of epiphyseal plate
17
Fracture
Any injury that disrupts the structural integrity of bone
18
Repair
1) Fracture hematoma forms
2) external and internal callus
3) External callus replaced with spongy bone
4) Remodling
19
