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From Flashcardlet > 03 - FETAL DEVELOPMENT: Key Points > Flashcards

03 - FETAL DEVELOPMENT: Key Points Flashcards

1
Q

The child’s sex is determined by the (1), which contains (2)

A
  1. sperm

2. either an X or Y chromosome

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2
Q

Gametogenesis in the male is called __

A

spermatogenesis

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3
Q

Gametogenesis in the female is called __

A

oogenesis

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4
Q

At conception, the total number of chromosomes is ___

A

restored to 46

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5
Q

Each mature sperm has (1) autosomes, plus (2)

A
  1. 22 autosomes

2. either an X or Y chromosome

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6
Q

Oogenesis begins at (1) and is not completed until (2) occurs

A
  1. ovulation

2 fertilization

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7
Q

When the ovum is fertilized by an X bearing sperm, a _ offspring results

A

female

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8
Q

When the ovum is fertilized by an Y bearing sperm, a _ offspring results

A

male

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9
Q

Fertilization occurs in the __ __

A

fallopian tube

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10
Q

After fertilization, the zygote enters the __

A

uterus

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11
Q

Implantation is complete by __ days after fertilization

A

7 days

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12
Q

If the zygote fails to move through the tube, implantation occurs there, and a ___ results.

A

ectopic preganancy

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13
Q

When implantation occurs in the uterine lining, the cells of the zygote differentiate and develop (4) structures

A
  1. chorion
  2. amnion
  3. yolk sac
  4. primary germ layers
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14
Q

The __ develops into the embryonic/fetal portion of the placenta

A

chorion

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15
Q

The __ encloses the embryo and the amniotic fluid

A

amnion

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16
Q

The ____ develop into different parts of the growing fetus

A

primary germ layers

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17
Q

The (1) functions only during embryonic life, and begins to form (2)

A
  1. yolk sac

2. RBCs

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18
Q

3 germ layers of the embryo (all structures of the individual develop from these layers)

A
  1. ectoderm
  2. mesoderm
    3 endoderm
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19
Q

By the __ week, all body systems are formed and functioning

A

8th week

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20
Q

Accessory structures of pregnancy (3)

A
  1. placenta
    2 umbilical cord
  2. the fetal circulation
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21
Q

Amniotic Fluid: 4 Functions

A
  1. Maintains even temperature
    2 Allows buoyancy/symmetrical growth/fetal movement
  2. Cushion/protects fetus and umbilical cord
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22
Q

The Placenta is an organ for fetal (3)

A
  1. respiration
  2. nutrition
    3 excretion
23
Q

The Placenta is a temporary endocrine gland, and produces

A
  1. progesterone
  2. estrogen
  3. hCG
  4. hPL
24
Q

hCG

A

human chorionic gonadotropin

25
Q

hPL

A

human placental lactogen

26
Q

The umbilical cord contains __ artery(ies) and __ vein(s)

A

2 arteries, and 1 vein

27
Q

2 arteries carry blood ___ the fetus

A

away

28
Q

1 vein carries blood __ the fetus

A

to

29
Q

____ transports O2 and nutrients to the fetus and disposes CO2 and wastes from the fetus

A

fetal circulation

30
Q

The temporary fetal circulatory structures are (3)

A
  1. foramen ovale
  2. ductus arteriosus
  3. ductus venosus
31
Q

The fetal circulatory structures divert most blood from the fetal (1) __ and __, because these organs (2)____

A
  1. liver and lungs

2. do not fully function during prenatal life

32
Q

(1) __ twins develop from a single ovum and are (2) __

A
  1. Monozygotic

2. identical

33
Q

(1) __ twins develop from 2 separate ova and 2 separate sperm, and have a separate (2) ____

A
  1. Dizygotic

2. amnion and placenta

34
Q

The placenta (allows/does not allow) medications/substances to cross into the fetus

A

allows

many harmful substances ingested by the mother are transferred to the fetus

35
Q

Many harmful substances ingested by the mother are transferred to the fetus, and may cause (3)

A
  1. fetal drug addiction
  2. congenital anomalies
  3. fetal infection
36
Q

The ovum is expected to survive for up to __ AFTER ovulation.

A

24 h

37
Q

The sperm remains capable of fertilizing the ovum for up to ___ after being ejaculated into the area of the cervix.

A

5 days

38
Q

The (1)__ __ diverts blood from the right atrium, directly to the left atrium, rather than circulating it to the (2)__.

A
  1. foramen ovale

2. lungs

39
Q

The purpose of the foramen ovale is to ______

A

reduce blood flow to the lungs.

40
Q

Many twin or higher multiples are born prematurely because _____

A

the uterus becomes overdistended and irritable

41
Q

The zygote usually implants in the _____

A

upper section of the uterine wall (site of implantation)

42
Q

Harmful substances such as nicotine are transferred to the fetus, and may cause (2)

A
  1. fetal ABNORMALITIES

2. altered GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT

43
Q

By (#) weeks, the ovaries and testes are present.

A

8th week

44
Q

By (#) weeks, the EXTERNAL genitalia are VISIBLE to US examination.

A

10 weeks

45
Q

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is produced by the ____.

A

anterior pituitary

46
Q

Testosterone is produced by the __.

A

testes

47
Q

Aldosterone is produces by the ____.

A

adrenal cortex

48
Q

Hormone that stimulates the DEVELOPMENT of BREASTS for LACTATION

A

estrogen

49
Q

The __ functions as an endocrine gland during pregnancy.

A

placenta

50
Q

The placenta is larger than the fetus ONLY DURING ____.

A

the early part of pregnancy

51
Q

The fetal NERVOUS SYSTEM is formed by the germ layer known as the __.

A

ectoderm

52
Q

Germ layer that forms MUSCLE, BONE, CARTILAGE, TEETH DENTIN, LIGAMENTS, TENDONS, KIDNEYS, HEART, and other structures

A

mesoderm

53
Q

Germ layer that forms the EPITHELIUM of the DIGESTIVE tract and RESPIRATORY tract

A

endoderm

54
Q

Maternal hormone that REDUCES UTERINE CONTRACTIONS (to prevent spontaneous abortions)

A

progesterone

From Flashcardlet (144 decks)

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