06 - MOTHER AND INFANT DURING BIRTH: Key Terms

Question 1

A temporary increase of the FHR over the baseline rate, of at least 15 bpm for at least 15-seconds

Answer 1

acceleration

Question 2

Less than 6 bpm change from baseline in FHR, for a 10-minute period. It is typically caused by uteroplacental insufficiency.

Answer 2

absent variability

Question 3

A peripheral blueness of the hands and feet, due to reduced peripheral circulation (normal in newborns)

Answer 3

acrocyanosis

Question 4

The OUTCOME OF COPING at a specific point in time

Answer 4

adjustment

Question 5

The INFUSION OF WARMED SALINE INTO THE UTERUS to relieve cord compression, or to wash meconium out of the cavity to prevent aspiration of it at birth

Answer 5

amnioinfusion

Question 6

A surgical procedure in which the amniotic sac is ruptured to facilitate delivery of the fetus

Answer 6

amniotomy

Question 7

The average FHR, that occurs for at least 2 minutes during a 10-minute period - and are averaged over 30-minutes

Answer 7

baseline fetal heart rate (FHR)

Question 8

The baseline FHR should be __ to __ for at least a 2-minute period

Answer 8

110 - 160 bpm

Question 9

Occurs when the FHR is

Answer 9

fetal bradycardia

Question 10

Describes FLUCTUATION or CONSTANT CHANGES in the baseline FHR, above and below the baseline in a 10-minute window

Answer 10

baseline variability

Question 11

Appearance of a mixture of blood and mucus from the cervix, that often precedes labor

Answer 11

bloody show

Question 12

Increased metabolic rate required to generate body heat causes > increased respiratory rate and O2 consumption

Answer 12

cold stress

Question 13

Cold stress can be caused by __

Answer 13

hypothermia

Question 14

Dealing effectively with stress and problems

Answer 14

coping

Question 15

The appearance of the presenting fetal part (head) at the vaginal orifice during labor

Answer 15

crowning

Question 16

A periodic decrease in baseline FHR; can be early, late, or variable

Answer 16

deceleration

Question 17

An expansion of the cervical os that allows passage of the fetus and products of conception

Answer 17

dilation of the cervix

Question 18

Thinning and shortening of the cervix that occur late in pregnancy and during labor

Answer 18

effacement

Question 19

Changes in the FHR that are NOT associated with uterine contractions. They are brief and quickly return to baseline

Answer 19

episodic changes

Question 20

A baseline FHR > 160 bpm that lasts 2 - 10-minutes or longer

Answer 20

fetal tachycardia

Question 21

Openings at the point of union of skull bones, often referred to as soft spots

Answer 21

fontanelles

Question 22

Often referred to as “soft spots”

Answer 22

fontanelles

Question 23

A process by which a health care team allows a laboring woman whose cervix is 10 cm dilated, to hold back from pushing until she has a natural urge or readiness to deliver is urgent

Answer 23

laboring down

Question 24

A decrease in FHR during a uterine contraction, that CONTINUES AFTER THE CONTRACTION ENDS

Answer 24

late decelerations

Question 25

A method of abdominal palpation used to determine fetal position or placement within the uterus

Answer 25

Leopold’s maneuver

Question 26

The position of the fetus described by the relationship of - the long axis of the fetus to the long axis of the mother

Answer 26

lie

Question 27

Occurs when there are more than 25 beats of fluctuation over the baseline, and it can indicate cord prolapse or maternal hypotension

Answer 27

marked variability

Question 28

The shaping of the fetal head to facilitate movement through the birth canal during labor

Answer 28

molding

Question 29

Environment in which heat loss is minimal, and oxygen consumption needs are the lowest

Answer 29

neutral environment

Question 30

A specially treated type of paper that turns a specific color in the presence of amniotic fluid

Answer 30

nitrazine paper (pH paper)

Question 31

(2) Tests performed if it is not clear whether the mother’s membranes have ruptured

Answer 31

1. nitrazine test

2. fern test

Question 32

Alkaline amniotic fluid turns nitrazine paper ____.

Answer 32

dark blue-green, or dark blue

Question 33

Amniotic fluid is spread on a microscope slide. It is allowed to dry, then viewed under microscope (name of test performed)

Answer 33

fern test

crystals in fluid look like tiny fern leaves

Question 34

A term to describe a situation in which the umbilical cord is wrapped around the fetus’s neck

Answer 34

nuchal cord

Question 35

Acute conjunctivitis of the newborn, often caused by gonococci or Chlamydia

Answer 35

ophthalmia neonatorum

Question 36

Ophthalmia neotatorum is often caused by (2)

Answer 36

1. gonococci

2. Chlamydia

Question 37

Temporary changes in the baseline FHR, associated with uterine contractions that quickly turn to baseline

Answer 37

periodic changes

Question 38

Periodic changes include ___ and ______.

Answer 38

accelerations, and any of 3 types of decelerations

Question 39

The relationship of the presenting fetal part to an imaginary line drawn between the pelvic ischial spines

Answer 39

stations

Question 40

In obstetrics, separation between fetal skull bones that permits molding during the birth process

Answer 40

sutures

Question 41

TOLAC

Answer 41

Trial of Labor After Cesarean

Question 42

Late decelerations suggest (“placenta is not delivering enough oxygen to the fetus”)

Answer 42

uteroplacental insufficiency

this is an NONREASSURING pattern

Question 43

Abrupt FHR decreases of at least 15 bpm from baseline, that last longer than 2-minutes, bur less than 10-minutes

Answer 43

prolonged deceleration

Question 44

VBAC

Answer 44

Vaginal Birth After Cesarean

Question 45

The time between the END OF ONE CONTRACTION to the BEGINNING OF THE NEXT

Answer 45

interval