PSYCHOLOGY: Chapter 14 - VOCABULARY - Social Psychology

Question 0

Predispositions or tendencies to act

Answer 0

Attitudes

Question 1

The study of the ways in which humans use thoughts, perceptions, motives, feelings, and behavior when interacting with each other

Answer 1

Social Psychology

Question 2

Unpleasant state of conflict that we experience when our behavior does not match our attitudes

Answer 2

Cognitive dissonance

Question 3

A set of beliefs or expectations about other people based on experience

Answer 3

Schema

Question 4

The theory that early information about someone may weigh more heavily on impressions of others than later information

Answer 4

Primary effect

Question 5

Set of characteristics believed to be shared by all members of a social category

Answer 5

Stereotypes

Question 6

Small amount of truth

Answer 6

Kernal of truth

Question 7

People look for an explanation of behavior by associating either internal or external causes to behavior

Answer 7

Attribution theories

Question 8

Overestimating internal causes for someone else’s behavior while underestimating external causes

Answer 8

Fundamental attribution error

Question 9

The tendency to assign internal causes for successes and external causes for failures

Answer 9

Self-serving bias

Question 10

Not attributing someone’s behavior to external attributes because you may react the same way in a similar situation

Answer 10

Defensive attribution

Question 11

The belief that good things happen to good people, and bad things, to bad people

Answer 11

Belief in a just world

Question 12

(5) Types of Social Influence

Answer 12

1. Social Norms
2. Social Roles
3. Conformity
4. Compliance
5. Obedience

Question 13

Expectations about how we should act

Answer 13

Social norms

Question 14

Expected behavior based on your position in society

Answer 14

Social roles

Question 15

When two or more roles that the same person plays comes into conflict

Answer 15

Inter-role conflict

Question 16

When one role makes different demands

Answer 16

Intra-role conflict

Question 17

Going along with others if it appears they have more information than you do

Answer 17

Informational conformity effect

Question 18

Going along with others because of a desire to fit in socially

Answer 18

Normative conformity effect

Question 19

Changing behavior in response to a direct request

Answer 19

Compliance

Question 20

Compliance strategy that starts low, with something easily agreed to, and then raises the commitment

Answer 20

Lowball procedure

Question 21

Compliance strategy that asks for the most first, so it’s easy to agree to a smaller commitment

Answer 21

Door-in-the-face effect

Question 22

Compliance strategy that gets a small commitment first, making the chances of a large commitment later much greater

Answer 22

Foot-in-the-door effect

Question 23

Compliance in the form of a direct demand or order from someone in authority

Answer 23

Obedience

Question 24

(4) Factors of Interpersonal Attraction

Answer 24

1. Proximity
2. Similarity
3. Gain / Loss Theory
4. Physical Attractiveness

Question 25

Physical nearness

Answer 25

Proximity

Question 26

Each individual’s personality and needs are met by the other

Answer 26

Complementarity of needs

Question 27

We may like someone because they like us

Answer 27

Reciprocity of attraction

Question 28

It is not only the total amount of reinforcement we receive from another that makes him or her attractive, but also the direction of that reinforcement over time

Answer 28

Gain / Loss Theory

Question 29

Assumes that good-looking people also possess superior personal traits and characteristics

Answer 29

Halo effect

Question 30

People tend to pair up with others of similar attractiveness

Answer 30

Matching hypothesis

Question 31

Helpful acts not linked to personal gain

Answer 31

Altruistic behavior / Altruism

Question 32

Society’s expectation that we help people in need

Answer 32

Norm of Social Responsibility

Question 33

Helps others now so as to receive help, if needed in the future

Answer 33

Norm o Reciprocity

Question 34

Helping only when the reward is greater than the cost

Answer 34

Cost-reward approach

Question 35

By not being involved, you may save yourself potential hassles

Answer 35

Norm of noninvolvement

Question 36

As the number of bystanders increases, the likelihood that any of them will help decreases

Answer 36

Bystander effect

Question 37

Feel less responsible with other people around

Answer 37

Diffusion of Responsibility

Question 38

Not reacting to a situation unless someone else does first

Answer 38

Pluralistic ignorance

Question 39

Explaining Aggression: Any act that brings harm to another living thing

Answer 39

Behavioral

Question 40

Explaining Aggression: Intentional attempt to injure or harm another

Answer 40

Motivational

Question 41

Explaining Aggression: Using words to harm another

Answer 41

Verbal

Question 42

Explaining Aggression: Lack of behavior intended to harm another

Answer 42

Passive

Question 43

Explaining Aggression: Intending to harm with the goal of obtaining something of value

Answer 43

Instrumental

Question 44

Explaining Aggression: Emotions cause one to act violently

Answer 44

Emotional

Question 45

(6) Definitions of Aggression:

Answer 45

1. Behavioral
2. Motivational
3. Verbal
4. Passive
5. Instrumental
6. Emotional

Question 46

Theory that frustration leads to aggression, and all aggression is the result of frustration

Answer 46

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

Question 47

External situations that may suspend our checks on aggression

Answer 47

Environmental variables of aggression

Question 48

A mental state of being less aware of your own individuality and therefore less constrained by social checks and balances

Answer 48

Deindividuation