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From Flashcardlet > XXX PSYCHOLOGY: Chapter 1 The Science of Behavior > Flashcards

XXX PSYCHOLOGY: Chapter 1 The Science of Behavior Flashcards

0
Q

“cognition”

A

definition

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1
Q

*Definition of Psychology

A

The scientific study of behavior

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2
Q

predicting behavior

A

*

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3
Q

observing behavior

A

*

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4
Q

Definition of Behavior

A

(Refers to) ACTIONS or ACTIVITIES of the individual.

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5
Q

*Two classifications of behavior (2):

4 questions on test

A
  1. overt behavior

2. covert behavior

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6
Q

Classification of Behavior

A

Conscious - acts within

Unconscious

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7
Q

Classification of Behavior

A

Simple: behavior that involves only few neurons

Complex: complicated and involves more number of neurons

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8
Q

Classification of Behavior

A

Rational (more legal term) - exercised with sanity or reason

Irrational - committed for no apparent reason

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9
Q

Classification of Behavior

A

Voluntary

Involuntary

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10
Q

Fundamental Characteristics of Human Behavior

A

follows an orderly pattern - change in person’s life has degree of order & regularity in nature

can be known (observed) - have to observe it to measure it

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11
Q

Fundamental Characteristics

Human Behavior

A

tentative but superior to ignorance

natural phenomena have natural causes - science REJECTS the beliefs in SUPERNATURAL forces to cause events

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12
Q

*Goals of Psychology (on test)

A

see text

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13
Q

Historical Background of Psychology

A

Plato

Aristotle

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14
Q

*Introspection

A

definition

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15
Q

functionalism

structuralism

A

slide 23

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16
Q

*Wilhelm Wundt

Edward Bradford Titchener

A

see slide 23

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17
Q

*John Dewey, William James, James Rowland, Harvey Carr

1890-1930

A

TD

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18
Q

*ADAPTABILITY

A

Functionalism was the study of the function, use and adaptability of the mind changing environment

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19
Q

Longitudinal Research (on test)

A

slide 24

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20
Q

Gestalt (1912-1940)

TD

A

slide 25

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21
Q

Psychoanalysis (1900-present)

A

slide 26
Sigmund Freud (medical doctor):
cause and cure of personality disorder
“libido theory”

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22
Q

psychoanalytic behaviorist

A

see a behavior and document it

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23
Q

BEHAVIORISM (1913-present)

A

John B Watson

  • rejected INTROSPECTION - results could not be scientifically verified by other psychologists
  • “objective observable actions of the organism”
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24
Q

HUMANISTIC (1950-present)

A

Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow

slide 28

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25
Q

COGNITIVE (1950-present)

A

Piaget, Chomsky, Simon

*analyzing how people acquire

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26
Q

BIOLOGICAL (1950-present)

A

slide 30
Olds, Sperry

  • behavior can be explained in terms of bodily structure and biochemical processes (hormones, lead paint, radon, etc)
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27
Q

PURPOSIVISM

A

SLIDE 31
McDougall

*importance on hormones

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28
Q

MODERN APPROACHES

A

slide 32

29
Q

Modern Approaches

A

slide 33

focus on how GENES, HORMONES & NERVOUS SYSTEM interact with our environments to influence (ex: autism):

learning
personality
memory
motivation
emotions
*coping techniques
30
Q

Cognitive Approach

A

examines how we
process
store
use information

31
Q

Behavioral Approach

A

(conditioning)

how organisms learn new behavior

32
Q

Psychoanalytic Approach

A

Influence of fears, desires, & motivations on thoughts, behaviors & development of later personality traits & psych problems

*letting client be the one to give more information (the best therapist is the client)

33
Q

Humanistic Approach

slide 37

A

directing one’s own future

self worth and directing goals directs therapy

34
Q

Cross-Cultural Approach

slide 38

A

influence of

  • cultural & ethnic similarities
  • differences on psych …
35
Q

General Psychology

A

How & Why of one’s behavior from a SCIENTIFIC viewpoint

basic & fundamental principles of how you approach study
-you can teach and you can research

36
Q

Comparative Psychology

slide 41

A

behavior and mental processes

37
Q

Genetic or Development Psychology

slide 42

A

inheritance and development of traits and abilities
>nature
>nurture

38
Q

Dynamic Psychology

Slide 44

A

MOTIVATION

internal drives

39
Q

Physiological Psychology

Slide 44

A

functions

40
Q

Abberation

A

Define

41
Q

Abnormal Psychology
(ex: bi-polar)
Slide 45

A

clinically based

42
Q

Educational Psychology

Slide 46

A

Childhood (peers, parents & school system)

*application of psych principles to problems of education…

43
Q

Industrial or Personnel Psychology
(in workplace)
Slide 47

A

slide 47

44
Q

Social Psychology

slide 48

A

“attitude”
“obedience”

looking at group setting

45
Q

Counseling Psychology

slide 49

A

slide 49

46
Q

Human Engineering

slide 50

A

ties into industrial organizational psych

47
Q

*DIAGNOSIS (on test)

A

slide 51

48
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

slide 51

49
Q 
Psychometric Psychology ("tests and measures)
slide 52
A

mathematical procedures

50
Q 
Legal Psychology (Forensic)
slide 53
A

slide 53

51
Q

Psychology contains 2 separate/related parts (2):

A
  1. (focuses on) BEHAVIOR

2. (focuses on) SCIENCE

52
Q

Overt Behavior

A

Can be SEEN & publicly OBSERVED/MEASURED by others.

(Explicit) Obviously manifested.

53
Q

Overt Behavior can be (1) & publicly (2)/(3) by others.

A
  1. seen
  2. observed
  3. measured
54
Q

Covert Behavior

A

Activity that cannot be seen or observed by others.

55
Q

Covert Behavior is not publicly observable.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

56
Q

Psychologist (1974) who referred to Covert Behaviors as Private Events

A

B.F. Skinner

57
Q

Definition of Science

A

The systematic method of discovering and verifying knowledge.

58
Q

Define: Operational Definition

A

Defining subject matter in OBJECTIVE & MEASUREABLE terms

John B. Watson

59
Q

Definition of Empirical Method

A

Using NUMBERS & OBSERVATION that are publicly observable

60
Q

Definition of Validity

A

Whether what is being MEASURED is real or not

61
Q

Behavior has to be defined in terms that are (1), (2), (3), and (4).

A
  1. open
  2. unambiguous
  3. public
  4. measurable
62
Q

Four GOALS of Psychology

A
  1. Description
  2. Explanation
  3. Prediction
  4. Modification
63
Q

Definition of Data

A

Countable, objective measure of an event

64
Q

Definition of Pseudoscience

A

May appeaer to be scientific but is
NOT BASED ON AN OBJECTIVE MEASURE OF DATA.
(movement of stars, alien abduction, magnetic fields)

65
Q

Goals of Psychology:

DESCRIPTION involves the (1) _ of how many times a (2) _ _ for how long, (3) _ , or (4) _ _.

A
  1. recording
  2. behavior occurs
  3. where
  4. with whom
66
Q

Goals of Psychology:

When you don’t know what questions to ask, (1) is often a good way to start.

A

DESCRIPTION

67
Q 
Goals of Psychology:
EXPLANATION asks (1) \_\_\_\_\_, and attempts to (2) \_\_\_\_\_.
A
  1. why a behavior occurs

2. identify its cause

68
Q

Goals of Psychology:

EXPLANATION of behavior may occur as a result of 2 things

A
  1. consequence it causes in environment

2. biological makeup (genetics)

69
Q

Goals of Psychology:

PREDICTION is the attempt to ________.

A

anticipate what behavior comes next or at some point in the future.

70
Q

Goals of Psychology:

MODIFICATION of behavior in order to _______.

A

improve the individual or society.

71
Q

Goals of Psychology:
Psychology should be used as a public interest. The data derived from (1) _ _ can & should be used to (2) _ _ about human welfare.

A
  1. scientific experiments

2. guide decisions

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