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From Flashcardlet > NURSING II: MEDS - PART C > Flashcards

NURSING II: MEDS - PART C Flashcards

0
Q

Drugs used to treat gastric acid / acid neutralizers:

A
  1. Antacids

2. Acid-reducing agents

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1
Q

Drugs that affect UGI System (5):

A
  1. Antacids
  2. Acid-reducing agents
  3. Gastrointestinal Stimulants
  4. Antiemetics
  5. Emetics
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2
Q

Antacids: Action (2)

A

NEUTRALIZE or REDUCE acidity of the stomach -

  1. Combines with HCl
  2. Increases pH of the stomach acid
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3
Q

Antacids: Uses

A
  1. Heartburn, acid indigestion, sour stomach
  2. GERD
  3. Peptic Ulcer
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4
Q

Acid-reducing agents (2):

A
  1. Histamine 2 Antagonists

2. Proton Pump Inhibitors

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5
Q

Histamine 2 Antagonists: Action

A

Inhibits action of histamine -

reduces acid secretion by the stomach

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6
Q

Histamine 2 Antagonists: Uses (4)

A
  1. Heartburn, acid indigestion, sour stomach
  2. GERD
  3. Gastric and Duodenal Ulcer
  4. Gastric hypersecretory conditions
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7
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors: Action

A

Antisecretory -

Inhibits ATP system, blocks final step in acid production

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8
Q

Antacids: Examples (3)

A

Tums
Mylanta
Milk of Magnesia

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9
Q

Acid Neutralizers: Administration

A
  1. Don’t take other drugs within 2 hours

2. Take 1-2 hrs after meals, and bedtime

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10
Q

Acid Neutralizers: Assessments (2)

A
  1. Pain, heartburn

2. Monitor IV rate of infusion

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11
Q

Acid Neutralizers: Too rapid of IV infusion may induce __ __.

A

cardiac arrhythmias.

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12
Q

Antacids may cause ___ stools.

A

chalky-white

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13
Q

Overuse of Acid Neutralizers may lead to the stomach ______.

A

secreting too much acid.

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14
Q

Gastrointestinal Stimulants: Action

A

Increases peristalsis

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15
Q

Gastrointestinal Stimulants: Uses

A
  1. GERD, gastric stasis (+ post-op)

2. Risk of paralytic ileus (given IV, Dexpanthenol)

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16
Q

Histamine 2 Antagonists: Examples

A

Pepcid

Zantac

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17
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors: Examples

A

Nexium

Prilosec

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18
Q

Acid Neutralizers: Adverse Reactions

A
  1. Diarrhea
  2. Constipation
  3. Chalky, white, streaky stools
  4. CNS: nausea, drowsiness, headache, dizziness
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19
Q

Gastrointestinal Stimulants: Examples

A

Reglan

Hopan

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20
Q

Gastrointestinal Stimulants: Adverse Effects

A
  1. CNS: drowsiness, dizziness

2. Signs of Parkinson’s: extrapyramidal effects, repetitive/involuntary movements

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21
Q

Gastrointestinal Stimulants: Administration

A

First-choice for post-op

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22
Q

Gastrointestinal Stimulants: Assessments

A
  1. Bowel sounds

2. Nausea, vomiting

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23
Q

Gastrointestinal Stimulants: Teaching

A

Report any adverse reactions:

difficulty speaking, tremors, uncontrolled movements…

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24
Q

Antiemetics: Action

A

Inhibits CTZ (area of brain that triggers nausea, vomiting)

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25
Q

Antiemetics: Uses

A

Nausea, vomiting
Motion sickness
Vertigo

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26
Q

Antiemetics: Examples

A
  1. Phenergan

2. Compazine

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27
Q

Antiemetics: Adverse Reactions

A

CNS depression (drowsiness)

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28
Q

Antiemetics: Assessments

A
  1. Nausea, vomiting pattern
  2. Emesis contents
  3. Pain
  4. Hydration status
  5. Monitor LOC
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29
Q

Antiemetics: Administration

A
  1. before chemo, surgery

2. per rectal, IV, or transdermal patch

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30
Q

Antiemetics: Teaching

A
  1. Avoid hazardous tasks (CNS depression)
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31
Q

Emetics: Action

A

Stimulates CTZ

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32
Q

Emetics: Uses

A

Induce vomiting (poison, overdose)

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33
Q

Emetics: Example

A

Ipecac syrup

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34
Q

Emetics: Adverse Reaction

A

Potential to aspirate emesis (choke)

35
Q

Emetics: Assessments

A
  1. What was ingested and when?

2. Assess s/s

36
Q

Emetics: Administration

A

to alert clients only

37
Q

Drugs that affect the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract (4)

A
  1. Aminoalicylates
  2. Antidiarrheals
  3. Antiflatulents
  4. Laxatives
38
Q

Aminosalicylates: Action

A

Aspirin-like,

Topical anti-inflammatory in the bowel

39
Q

Aminosalicylates: Use

A

Inflammatory bowel disease: Crohn’s Disease, Ulcerative Colitis

40
Q

Aminosalicylates: Example

A

sulfasazine - Azulfidine

41
Q

Aminosalicylates: Adverse Reactions (4)

A
  1. abdominal pain
  2. nausea
  3. diarrhea
  4. photosensitivity
42
Q

Aminosalicylates: Assessments

A
  1. abdominal pain
  2. stool output
  3. I & O
  4. nutritional deficiencies
43
Q

Antidiarrheals: Action

A

Decreases intestinal peristalsis

44
Q

Antidiarrheals: Use

A

Diarrhea

45
Q

Antidiarrheals: Examples

A

Imodium A-D

Lomotil

46
Q

Antidiarrheals: Adverse Reactions

A
  1. abdominal discomfort
  2. constipation
  3. Vomiting
  4. headache
  5. sedation
  6. suphoria
47
Q

Antidiarrheals: Assessments

A
  1. diarrhea
  2. I & O
  3. fluid/electrolyte balance
48
Q

Antidiarrheals: Administration

A
  1. after loose stool, up to 8/day

2. not given for e.coli or c. diff

49
Q

Antidiarrheals: Teaching

A
  1. avoid CNS depressants

2. notify PCP if diarrhea persists or wosens

50
Q

Antiflatulents: Action

A

Disperse and Prevents formation of gas pockets

51
Q

Antiflatulents: Use

A

to reduce flatus in intestinal tract

52
Q

Antiflatulents: Adverse Reactions

A

bloating
constipation
diarrhea

53
Q

Antiflatulents: Assessments

A
  1. Abdominal discomfort
  2. Passing of gas
  3. Belching
54
Q

Antiflatulents: Teaching

A
  1. after each meal & bedtime

2. chew tablet completely

55
Q

Antiflatulents: Examples

A

Mylicon

Gas-X

56
Q

Laxatives: Action

A
  1. stimulant to evacuate bowel
  2. stool softener
  3. reduce blood ammonia levels
57
Q

Laxatives: Use

A

Relief of or Prevents Constipation

58
Q

Laxatives: Examples

A

Milk of Magnesia
Senokot
Metamucil
Colace

59
Q

Laxatives: Adverse Reactions

A
  1. abdominal discomfort
  2. diarrhea
  3. nausea, vomiting
  4. electrolyte imbalance
60
Q

Laxatives: Assessments

A
  1. elimination patterns
  2. fluid/electrolyte balance
  3. I & O
  4. discomfort
61
Q

Laxatives: Administration

A

empty stomach

62
Q

Laxatives: Teaching

A
  1. avoid long-term use
  2. increase fluids
  3. contact PCP if no results, or too great
  4. high fiber diet, exercise
63
Q

Anticonvulsant: Action

A
  1. Depresses abnormal nerve impulses in CNS

2. Elevate threshold needed for nerves to react to stimuli

64
Q

Anticonvulsant: Use

A
  1. Reduce frequency/intensity of seizures

2. neuropathies, migranes, bipolar & anxiety

65
Q

Anticonvulsant: Examples

A

Dilantin

Ativan

66
Q

Anticonvulsant: Adverse Reactions

A
  1. CNS: ataxia, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, slurred speech
  2. GI: nausea, vomiting, anorexia
  3. skin rashes, pruritis, urticaria, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
67
Q

Anticonvulsant: Assessments

A
  1. History
  2. Status epilecticus
    - nothing in mouth
    - turn on side, suction, O2
    - time & describe
    - treat (rectal, IM or IV)
  3. Monitor blood levels
68
Q

Anticonvulsant: Teaching

A

Controls, but does not cure epilepsy

69
Q

Otic Preparations: Action

A

Local anesthetic
topical antifungal/antibacterial
topical corticosteroid
soften/break up wax

70
Q

Otic Preparations: Use

A
  1. relieve pain, inflammation, itching
  2. treat infection
  3. aid in earwax removal
71
Q

Otic Preparations: Adverse Reactions

A

Local ear irritation, itching, burning

72
Q

Otic Preparations: Assessments

A
  1. intact tympanic membrane

2. pain, drainage, cerumen

73
Q

Otic Preparations: Administration

A
  • wash hands
    1. warm - room temperature/body temperature drops
    2. tilt head to side or lying down
    3. 5 mins, head tilted
    4. Adults - back and up
    5. Peds - back and down
    6. do not touch dropper to ear
    7. temporary fullness/decreased hearing
74
Q

Opthalmic Preparations: Action

A
  1. decrease pressure
  2. Miasis (constriction) or Mydrasis (dilation)
  3. antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory
75
Q

Opthalmic Preparations: Use

A

eye disorders

glaucoma, infections, allergies

76
Q

Opthalmic Preparations: Adverse Reactions

A
  1. Local burning, stinging, temp blurred vision
77
Q

Opthalmic Preparations: Assessments

A
  1. pain level, drainage, appearance, visual acuity
78
Q

Opthalmic Preparations: Administration

A
  1. look up, tilt head back
  2. drops/ointment into lower conjuctival sac
  3. do not touch to eye
  4. apply pressure to inner canthus (w/ gloved hand)
  5. administer each eye 5 minutes apart
79
Q

Opthalmic Preparations: Teaching

A
  1. keep hands away from eyes
  2. wear sunglasses if sensitivity to light
  3. temp burning, stinging, blurring (normal)
80
Q

A drug that produces a relaxing, calming effect; usually given in daytime

A

sedative

81
Q

A drug that induces sleep

A

Hypnotic

82
Q

Sedatives: Examples

A

Nembutal

Halicon

83
Q

Hypnotic: Examples

A

Dalmane
Seconal
Ambien

84
Q

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Action

A

Decrease CNS

85
Q

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Adverse Reactions

A
  1. respiratory depression
  2. dizziness, drowsiness
  3. headache, nausea

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