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From Flashcardlet > 24 - Musculoskeletal: Key Terms > Flashcards

24 - Musculoskeletal: Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Commonly used on adolescents with sports injuries; physician can look inside joint to determine extent of injury.

A

arthroscopy

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2
Q

A type of SKIN traction apparatus commonly used for toddlers with a FRACTURED FEMUR. Vertical suspension is used.

A

Bryant’s traction

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3
Q

A type of SKIN traction used in FRACTURES of the FEMUR, and in HIP and KNEE contractures. Pulls Hip and Leg into extension

A

Buck’s extension

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4
Q

Similar to Buck’s extension (hip and leg(s) are pulled into extension. However, a Sling is positioned under knee, which suspends the distal thigh above the bed.

A

Russell traction

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5
Q

Pull is in two directions: Vertically (knee sling), and Longitudinally (foot-plate)

A

Russell traction

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6
Q

Steinmann pin or Kirschner wire is inserted into the bone, and traction is applied to the pin. DAILY CLEANSING OF THE PIN IS ESSENTIAL

A

Skeletal traction

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7
Q

__ or __ __ may be used in the skull to provide cervical traction

A

Crutchfield, or Barton tongs

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8
Q

Progressive loss of tissue perfusion - caused by an increase in pressure, resulting from Edema or Swelling that presses on vessels and tissues (Circulation is compromised, and neuro check is abnml)

A

compartment syndrome

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9
Q

A wound in the skin, accompanies the broken bone. There is an added danger of Infection.

A

compound fracture

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10
Q

A break in a bone, usually caused by accidents.

A

fracture

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11
Q

Bone is broken, but skin over the area is not.

A

simple fracture

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12
Q

An incomplete fracture, in which one side of the bone is broken, and the other is bent.

A

greenstick fracture

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13
Q

Type of fracture that is common in children because their bones are soft, flexible, and more likely to splinter.

A

greenstick fracture

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14
Q

Bone is entirely broken across its width

A

complete fracture

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15
Q

genu varum

A

bowlegged

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16
Q

genu valgum

A

knock-kneed

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17
Q

Characteristic manner of walking

A

gait

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18
Q

The growth plate, which is found at the ends of the long bones

A

epiphysis

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19
Q

Thigh bone

A

femur

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20
Q

A forceful twisting motion of the femur causes a __ __.

A

spiral fracture

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21
Q

A tearing of Subcutaneous tissue, resulting in Hemorrhage, Edema, and Pain

A

contusion

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22
Q

The escape of blood into the soft tissues as a result from a contusion is referred to as a __

A

hematoma

“black and blue mark”

23
Q

LIGAMENT IS TORN or stretched away from the bone at the point of trauma. There may be resulting damage to Blood vessels, Muscles, Nerves.

A

sprain

24
Q

3 Major signs of a Sprain

A
  1. Swelling
  2. Disability
  3. Pain
25
Q

MICROSCOPIC TEAR to the Muscle or Tendon that occurs over time, and results in Edema and Pain

A

strain

26
Q

“osteo”

A

bone

27
Q

“chondros”

A

cartilage

28
Q

“osis”

A

disease

29
Q

An Osteochondroses: The blood supply to the Epiphysis is disrupted. Inadequate supply results in death of tissue.

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease (Coxa Plana)

30
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease (Coxa Plana): Tissue death from inadequate blood supply to the epiphysis

A

avascular necrosis

31
Q

“sway back”, commonly seen in Pregnancy

A

Lordosis

32
Q

“hunchback”: An increased roundness in the Thoracic curve, commonly found in Elderly

A

Kyphosis

33
Q

“S-shaped” / side-to-side Curvature of the spine: commonly found in adolescents (girls)

A

scoliosis

34
Q

2 Types of Scoliosis

A
  1. Functional

2. Structural / Fixed

35
Q

Functional Scoliosis is caused by __ __

A

poor posture (not by spinal disease) - easily correctable

36
Q

Structural / Fixed Scoliosos is caused by

A

changes in the shape of the Vertebrae or Thorax

37
Q

Structural / Fixed Scoliosos is usually accompanied by

A

rotation of the Spine

38
Q

3 causes of Structural Scoliosis

A
  1. Congenital
  2. Neuromuscular
  3. Idiopathic
39
Q

Congenital Scoliosis develops in __

A

utero

noticeable at birth or during rapid growth

40
Q

Neuromuscular Scoliosis is the result of (2)

A
  1. Muscle weakness, or

2. Imbalance

41
Q

Scoliosis TX: Curves between 20 - 40 degrees require use of a __ __

A

Milwaukee brace

42
Q

Apparatus that exerts pressure on the Chin, Pelvis, and convex side of the Spine

A

Milwaukee brace

43
Q

The purpose for regular Neurovascular Checks for a child in traction, with a cast, or Ace bandage is to ___

A

determine if TISSUE PERFUSION is adequate

44
Q

Neuro check for Tissue Perfusion is performed on the ____

A

toes or finger, distal to an injury/cast

45
Q

Neuro check for Tissue Perfusion includes (5)

A
  1. Peripheral Pulse Rate and Quality
  2. Color
  3. Capillary Refill Time
  4. Warmth
  5. Movement and Sensation
46
Q

An infection of the bone

A

osteomyelitis

47
Q

Osteomyelitis generally occurs in children

A
48
Q

Organism responsible for Osteomyelitis (> 5 yo)

A

Staphylococcus Aureus

49
Q

Organism responsible for Osteomyelitis (

A

Haemophilus Influenzae

50
Q

Group of diseases in which PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE DEGENERATION occurs

A

muscular dystrophy

51
Q

The spontaneous displacement of the epiphysis of the femur. Often occurs during rapid growth of preadolescent; not related to trauma

A

Slipped Femoral Capital Epiphysis (SCFE), coxa vara

52
Q

varus

A

inward

53
Q

valgus

A

outward

From Flashcardlet (144 decks)

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