Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

From Flashcardlet > Endocrine: Key Terms > Flashcards

Endocrine: Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

adenohypophosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A “tropic “ hormone of the anterior pituitary gland. This hormone acts on the adrenal cortex.

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Secreting internally; refers to glandular function

A

endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Secreting externally via a duct

A

exorine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A test that may be used to monitor control of glucose over a period of 2-3 weeks

A

fructosamine assay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Any hormone released from the adrenal cortex that increases glucogenesis and this raised the level of liver glycogen and blood glucose.

A

glucocorticoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The formation of glucose from glycogen

A

glucogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A polypeptide hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans

A

glucagon(s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The inability to properly metabolize glucose

A

glucose intolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A test to detect abnormal glucose metabolism; assists in diagnosis of diabetes mellitus

A

glucose tolerance test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Control of glucose in the blood

A

glycemic control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glucose in the urine

A

glycosuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hemoglobin with glucose attached to it

A

glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A1c)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Periodic measurements of hemoglobin A1c; can help determine a diabetic pt’s average blood glucose level over a period of 3-4 months.

A

hemoglobin A1c (A1C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A chemical produced by the cells of the body and transported by the bloodstream to target cells and organs on which it has a regulatory effect

A

hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Oversecretion

A

hypersecretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Undersecretion

A

hyposecretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A naturally occuring hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the PANCREAS in response to increased levels of glucose in the blood

A

insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Type 1 diabetes; a form of the disease that requires replacement of endogenous insulin with regular injections of exogenous insulin

A

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A group of hormones elaborated by the adrenal cortex that have an effect on sodium, chloride, and potassium levels in extracellular fluid

A

mineralcorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In the endocrine system, if the hormonal need of a target tissue is being satisfied, production or secretion of the hormone will be inhibited

A

negative feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A hormone produced and secreted by the parathyroid gland

A

parathormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A substance that causes a rise in BP. Norepinephrine is an example of this hormone. Norepinephrine maintains BP.

A

pressor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cells and tissues that are affected by a specific hormone

A

target cells/tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A hormone secreted by the thyroid gland

A

thyrocalcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A group of tests performed to evaluate thyroid function

A

thyroid panel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A sudden increase in the output of thyroxine and resultant extreme elevation of all body processes

A

thyroid crisis (also, thyroid storm)

28
Q

A hormone secreted by the thyroid gland (T4)

A

thyroxine

29
Q

A hormone secreted by the thyroid gland (T3)

A

triiodothyronine

30
Q

A treatment of hyperthyroidism using radioactive iodine (132 I)

A

ablation therapy

31
Q

A chronic disease of adults caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary growth hormone and characterized by enlargement of many parts of the skeleton

A

acromegaly

32
Q

Sudden insufficiencies of the mineralcorticoids and glucocorticoids that can lead to shock

A

Addisonian crisis

33
Q

The absence of the sense of smell; also called anosphresia and olfactory anesthesua

A

anosmia

34
Q

Milder hyperthyroidism signs and symptoms seen in the elderly patient compared with symptoms in the typical adult patient

A

apathetic thyrotoxicosis

35
Q

Body produces antibodies against the thyroid, which in turn destroy the gland

A

autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis)

36
Q

A benign tumor of the pituitary gland that secretes GH, leading to continued growth. It can also antagonize the effect of the hormone insulin, resulting in increased blood glucose

A

benign pituitary adenoma

37
Q

One group of biogenic amines having a sympathomimetic action; examples are dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine

A

catecholamines

38
Q

Low calcium level manifests as muscle irritability when the facial nerve is gently tapped

A

Chvostek sign

39
Q

Occurs as a result of decreased production of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and is characterized by the production of copious amounts of dilute urine

A

diabetes insipidus (DI)

40
Q

The excretion of excess fluid in the urine

A

diuresis

41
Q

Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball

A

exophthalmos

42
Q

Excessive size. Seen in children with excessive secretion of GH

A

gigantism

43
Q

An excessive amount of sodium in the blood

A

hypernatremia

44
Q

Deficient activity of the thyroid gland

A

hypothyroidism

45
Q

myexedema

A

A condition in the adult in which there are low thyroid levels

46
Q

A rare bur serious postpartum complication that involves infarction of the pituitary gland secondary to postpartum hemorrhage

A

Sheehan syndrome

47
Q

Excessive amounts of ADH are produced, resulting in fluid retention

A

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

48
Q

The continuous tonic spasm of a muscle; associated with calcium deficit, vitamin D deficiency, and alkalosis

A

tetany

49
Q

Low calcium level manifested as a carpal spasm elicited by inflating a blood pressure cuff above the systolic blood pressure

A

Trousseau sign

50
Q

Amount of insulin that would normally be produced by the pancreas

A

basal insulin

51
Q

A dose of short or rapid-acting insulin that is used to manage elevations in blood glucose and bring that next blood glucose measurement into range

A

bolus dose

52
Q

Kidney disease secondary to high blood glucose level

A

diabetic nephropathy

53
Q

A disorder of the peripheral nerves that is associated with DM and is characterized by sexual impotence in the male, neurogenic bladder, and pain or loss of feeling in the lower extremities

A

diabetic neuropathy

54
Q

Coming from within

A

endogenous

55
Q

Coming from the outside

A

exogenous

56
Q

Delayed gastric emptying

A

gastroparesis

57
Q

Blood glucose-monitoring machine

A

glocometer

58
Q

Control of glucose in the blood

A

glycemic control

59
Q

An above-normal level of blood sugar, as in diabetes

A

hyperglycemia

60
Q

A situation where insulin interaction with glucose becomes less efficient and fat metabolism is abnormal

A

insulin resistance

61
Q

The accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood because of incomplete metabolism of fats, resulting in metabolic acidosis

A

ketoacidosis

62
Q

The presence of acetone bodies in the urine

A

ketonuria

63
Q

The accumulation in the body of the ketone bodiis; acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and ecetoacetic acid

A

ketosis

64
Q

A shortage of glucose in the brain

A

neuroglycopenia

65
Q

Excessive thirst that results in drinking large quantities of water

A

polydipsia

66
Q

Increased hunger

A

polyphagia

67
Q

The production of an excessive amount of urine

A

polyuria

From Flashcardlet (144 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions