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From Flashcardlet > URINARY/RENAL: Diagnostics > Flashcards

URINARY/RENAL: Diagnostics Flashcards

1
Q

__ level reflects GFR; it is the end product of protein and muscle metabolism

A

Serum Creatinine

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2
Q

____ is the by-product of protein metabolism in the Liver

A

nitrogenous urea

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3
Q

__ levels indicate the extent of renal clearance of urea nitrogenous waste products

A

BUN

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4
Q

Other factors that can elevate BUN levels (8)

A
  1. Dehydration
  2. Poor renal perfusion
  3. High protein diet
  4. Infection
  5. Stress
  6. Corticosteroid use
  7. GI bleeding
  8. Factors causing muscle breakdown
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5
Q

Elevated BUN + Elevated Creatinine =

A

Renal dysfunction

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6
Q

Blood test that checks how well the kidneys are working; estimates how much blood passes through the glomeruli every minute

A

GFR

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7
Q

Normal GFR

A

125 mL/min

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8
Q

Urine test for evaluation of the renal system, and determine renal disease

A

Urinalysis

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9
Q

Urine test that measures the ability of the kidneys to CONCENTRATE urine

A

Specific Gravity determination

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10
Q

Specific Gravity can be measured by (3)

A
  1. Multiple-dipstick method (common)
  2. Refractometer (Lab)
  3. Urinometer (
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11
Q

Specific Gravity: Factors that can interfere with accuracy (4)

A
  1. Dye/Contrast agents
  2. Glucose
  3. Proteins
  4. Cold specimen (gives false high)
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12
Q

Specific Gravity: Normal Value

A

1.016 - 1.022

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13
Q

An increase in Specific Gravity (concentrated urine) occurs with (3)

A
  1. Insufficient Fluid intake
  2. Decreased renal perfusion
  3. Increased ADH
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14
Q

An decrease in Specific Gravity (

A
  1. Increased Fluid intake, or DI

2. Renal Disease / inability to concentrate

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15
Q

Urine test that identifies the presence of microorganisms, and determines the Antibiotics to treat the existing microorganism appropriately

A

Urine C and S Testing

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16
Q

Evaluates how well the kidneys remove Creatinine from the blood (blood and urine tests)

A

Creatinine Clearance Test

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17
Q 
Test includes:
1. Obtain blood sample at start of test
2. Obtain timed urine specimens
3. Obtain blood sample when urine collection is complete
(8, 12, or 24 hours)
A

Creatinine Clearance Test

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18
Q

The ___ test provides the best estimate of the GFR

A

Creatinine Clearance Test

19
Q

A 24-h urine collection sample is tested to diagnose GOUT and Kidney Disease

A

Uric Acid Test

20
Q

A 24-h urine collection that determines catecholamine levels in the urine; to diagnose Pheochromocytoma

A

Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA) Test

21
Q

Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA) Test: Foods to avoid for at least 2 days prior to and during urine collection (7)

A
  1. Caffeine
  2. Cocoa
  3. Vanilla
  4. Cheese
  5. Gelatin
  6. Licorice
  7. Fruits
22
Q

X-ray of the urinary system and adjacent structures used to detect urinary CALCULI

A

KUB

23
Q

Noninvasive method for measuring volume of urine in the bladder; evaluate urinary frequency, inability to urinate, or residual urine

A

Bladder US (bladder scanning)

24
Q

(2) Imaging methods that provide cross-sectional views of the kidney and urinary tract

A

CT and MRI

25
Q

X-ray: IV injection of dye is used to visualize and identify abnormalities in the renal system

A

Intravenous Urography

26
Q

IV injection of a radiosotope for visual imaging of *renal blood flow, *glomerular filtration, *tubular function, and *excretion

A

Renography (Kidney scan)

27
Q

Intravenous Urography: PRE-PROCEDURE

  1. Informed consent
  2. Check allergies (dye)
  3. NPO after midnight before
  4. Admin Laxatives (Rx)
  5. Inform - throat irritation, flushing face, warmth, salty/metal taste
A

Intravenous Urography: PREPROCEDURE

28
Q

Intravenous Urography: POST-PROCEDURE

  1. VS
  2. 1+ L of Fluid (Rx)
  3. MONITOR
    - bleeding
    - output
    - allergic reaction to dye
A

Intravenous Urography: POST-PROCEDURE

29
Q

Renography (Kidney scan)

  • No dietary/activity restrictions
  • Pt must remain motionless
  • Imaging repeated at various intervals
A

Renography (Kidney scan)

30
Q

Renography (Kidney scan): POST-PROCEDURE

  • Fluid intake (Rx)
  • MONITOR delayed allergic reaction
  • Elimination in 24h - wear gloves, and double bag linens
A

Renography (Kidney scan): POST-PROCEDURE

31
Q

Bladder mucosa is examined for inflammation, calculi, or tumors; a sample may be obtained

A

Cytoscopy and Biopsy of Bladder

32
Q

Cytoscopy/Biopsy of Bladder: PRE-PROCEDURE

  1. Informed consent
  2. (Biopsy) NPO after midnight before
  3. (Cytoscopy) No special prep
A

Cytoscopy/Biopsy of Bladder: PRE-PROCEDURE

33
Q

Cytoscopy/Biopsy of Bladder: POST-PROCEDURE

  1. VS
  2. Increase Fluids (Rx)
  3. MONITOR
    - I/O
    - Urine (color, consistency)
    - Bright red urine or clots (report)
  4. Deep breathing exercises
  5. Admin Analgesics (Rx)
  6. Sitz bath
  7. Leg cramps, common
A

Cytoscopy/Biopsy of Bladder: POST-PROCEDURE

34
Q

Insertion of a needle into the kidney to obtain a sample of tissue for examination; usually done percutaneously

A

Renal Biopsy

35
Q

Renal Biopsy: PRE-PROCEDURE

  • Informed consent
  • VS
  • Baseline coagulation studies
  • NPO 4-6 h before
A

Renal Biopsy: PRE-PROCEDURE

36
Q

Renal Biopsy: POST-PROCEDURE

  • VS
  • Pressure to site, 30 mins
  • Hb and Ht - decreases
  • Strict bed rest, supine
  • Site and under Pt, check bleeding
  • Intake, 1500-2000 mL (Rx)
  • Urine, bleeding
  • No lifting, 2 weeks
  • Notify T > 100 or Hematuria
A

Renal Biopsy: POST-PROCEDURE

37
Q

Signs and symptoms of AKI are primarily caused by (3)

A
  1. Retention of nitrogenous wastes
  2. Retention of fluids
  3. Inability of kidneys to reg electrolytes
38
Q

eGFR = > 90 mL/min

A

At risk; normal kidney function

39
Q

eGFR = 60-89 mL/min

A

Mild CKD

40
Q

eGFR = 30-59 mL/min

A

Moderate CKD

41
Q

eGFR = 15-29 mL/min

A

Severe CKD

42
Q

eGFR = < 15 mL/min

A

ESKD (end-stage kidney disease)

43
Q

DIAGNOSTIC TESTING: General Nursing Responsibilities

A
  1. Assess allergies (contrast dye)
  2. Assess possible pregnancy
  3. Explain procedures
  4. Specimen collection
  5. Reinforce dietary/fluid restrictions
  6. Assist with special prep (ex: bowel evac)

From Flashcardlet (144 decks)

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