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From Flashcardlet > GASTROINTENSTINAL: KEY TERMS > Flashcards

GASTROINTENSTINAL: KEY TERMS Flashcards

1
Q

The passage of liquids or other substances through a body surface and into its tissues and fluids

A

absorption

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2
Q

A fibrous band that binds together two parts that are normally separated; often occurs after surgery in the abdomen

A

adhesion

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3
Q

The building up of the body substance; the constructive phase of metabolism

A

anabolism

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4
Q

A lack or loss of appetite for food

A

anorexia

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5
Q

The accumulation of edematous fluid within the peritoneal cavity

A

ascites

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6
Q

The phase of metabolism in which larger molecules are broken down and energy is released; the destructive phase of metabolism

A

catabolism

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7
Q

The mixture of partly digested food and digestive secretions found in the stomach and small intestine during digestion of a meal

A

chyme

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8
Q

Gas in the digestive tract

A

flatus

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9
Q

Chewing

A

mastication

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10
Q

The sum of the physical and chemical processes by which living tissue is formed and maintained and by which large molecules are disassembled to provide energy

A

metabolism

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11
Q

An inflamed condition of the pancreas

A

pancreatitis

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12
Q

Involuntary wavelike contraction of organs with both longitudinal and circular muscle fibers that passes along the organ and propels its contents

A

peristalsis

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13
Q

The absence of hydrochloric acid - from maximally stimulated gastric secretions

A

achlorhydria

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14
Q

A communication between two tubular organs; also surgical, traumatic, or pathalogic formation of a connection between two normally distinct structures

A

anastomosis

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15
Q

The field of medicine that focuses on the treatment and control of obesity and diseases associated with obesity

A

bariatrics

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16
Q

A group of symptoms caused by too-rapid passage of food through the upper GI tract

A

dumping syndrome

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17
Q

Difficulty in swallowing

A

dysphagia

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18
Q

A species of gram-negative, microaerophilic bacteria of the family Spirillaceae that causes gastritis and pyloric ulcers in humans

A

Helicobactor pylori

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19
Q

Vomiting of blood

A

hemastemesis

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20
Q

Black, tarry stools

A

melena

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21
Q

Any Y-shaped anastomosis in which the small intestine is included

A

roux-en-Y

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22
Q

A mouth-like opening, especially one that is created surgically for the elimination of urine or fecal material

A

stoma(s)

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23
Q

A generalized inflammation of the oral mucosa

A

stomatitis

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24
Q

The interruption of impulses carried by the vagus nerve or nerves; may be done to reduce the production of gastric secretions and to inhibit gastric motility, as part of the treatment for PEPTIC ULCER

A

vagotomy

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25
Q

An increase of thoracic PRESSURE BY FORCIBLE EXHALATION against the closed glottis, as in straining at stool

A

Valsalva maneuver

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26
Q

The removal of part of the colon

A

colectomy

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27
Q

The surgical creation of an opening in the colon to allow fecal material to pass outside

A

colostomy

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28
Q

The therapeutic use of cold or freezing

A

cryotherapy

29
Q

The inflammation of the diverticula

A

diverticulitis

30
Q

The presence of diverticula, in the absence of diverticulitits

A

diverticulosis

31
Q

A small blind pouch resulting from a protrusion of the mucosa of a hollow organ through weakened areas in the organ’s muscle walls

A

diverticulum (diverticula)

32
Q

Removal of part of the colon

A

hemicolectomy

33
Q

The removal of hemorrhoids

A

hemorrhoidectomy

34
Q

A varicosity of a vein in the rectum. It may be internal (inside sphincter muscles of the anus) or external (outside the sphincter muscles)

A

hemorrhoid

35
Q

The protrusion or projection of an organ or part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it

A

hernia

36
Q

The repair of a hernia

A

hernioplasty

37
Q

The surgical repair of a hernia

A

herniorrhaphy

38
Q

An artificial opening in the ileum, created surgically, to drain fecal material from the small intestine

A

ileostomy

39
Q

Telescoping of one part of the bowel into another

A

intussusception

40
Q

To produce decomposition; to destroy

A

lyse

41
Q

The free discharge of mucus

A

mucorrhea

42
Q

The absence of peristalsis; paralysis of the intestines

A

paralytic ileus

43
Q

An inflammation of the serous sac that lines the abdominal cavity and encloses the abdominal organs

A

peritonitis

44
Q

The alteration of proteins in tissue by the use of light energy in the form of ordinary light rays or a laser beam

A

photocoagulation

45
Q

Pertaining to, characterized by, or having a tuft of hairs

A

pilonidal

46
Q

The injection of a solution that causes the vessel to dry up and disintegrate

A

scleropathy

47
Q

Stool that is bulky, frothy, and foul smelling and usually floats in the toilet

A

steatorrhea

48
Q

A twisting of the bowel upon itself, causing obstruction

A

volvulus

49
Q

The accumulation of edematous fluid within the peritoneal cavity

A

ascites

50
Q

A motor disturbance marked by intermittent lapse of an assumed posture; a characteristic of hepatic coma. Also called “flapping tumor”

A

asterixis

51
Q

Acute pain resulting from obstruction of a bile duct, usually caused by CHOLELITHIASIS

A

biliary colic

52
Q

Dilated cutaneous veins around the umbilicus in patients suffering from CIRRHOSIS of the LIVER

A

caput medusa

53
Q

The removal of the gallbladder

A

cholecystectomy

54
Q

An inflammation of the gallbladder

A

cholecystitis

55
Q

The condition in which gallstones lodge in the common bile duct

A

choledocholithiasis

56
Q

The presence of stones within the gallbladder or biliary tract

A

cholelithiasis

57
Q

A liver disease characterized by diffuse interlocking bands of fibrous tissue dividing the hepatic parenchyma into micronodular or macronodular areas

A

cirrhosis

58
Q

Any dysfunction of the brain

A

encephalopathy

59
Q

Varicosities of branches of the azygous vein that conncts with the portal vein in the lower esophagus; related to portal hypertension and cirrhosis of the liver

A

esophageal varices

60
Q

Foul-smelling breath associated with severe liver disease

A

fector hepaticus

61
Q

Bile pigmentation of the tissues, membranes, and secretions

A

icterus

62
Q

A yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes that reflects excessively high blood vessels of bilirubin (bile pigment)

A

jaundice

63
Q

A persistent redness of the palms, which may be seen in liver disease

A

palmar erythema

64
Q

The surgical procedure of a cavity to aspirate fluid

A

paracentesis

65
Q

The early of very beginning stage of an illness

A

prodromal stage

66
Q

Itching

A

pruritus

67
Q

An abnormal or dilated cavity resembling a true cyst but not lined with epithelium. Also called adventitious cyst or false cyst.

A

pseudocyst

68
Q

A form of telangiectasis with a central elevated red dot the size of a pinhead from which small blood vessels radiate; often occurs with liver disease.

A

spider angioma

69
Q

The spread of a cancer or disease from one organ or part to another not directly connected with it.

A

metastasis

From Flashcardlet (144 decks)

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