Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

From Flashcardlet > NURSING III: FON - Ch 45 Urinary Elimination > Flashcards

NURSING III: FON - Ch 45 Urinary Elimination Flashcards

0
Q

Kidneys > Ureters > Bladder > Urethra

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Kidneys remove wastes from the (1)__ to form (2)__.

A
  1. blood

2. urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Kidneys filter (1)__ __ of metabolism that collect in the (2)__.

A
  1. waste products

2. blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Functional unit of the kidney; forms urine

A

nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The nephron is composed of the (6):

A
  1. glomerulus
  2. Bowman’s capsule
  3. Proximal convoluted tubule
  4. Loop of Henle
  5. Distal tubule
  6. Collecting duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Initial site of filtration of the blood; the beginning of urine formation

A

glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Glomerular capillaries permit filtration of (6) into the Bowman’s Capsule.

A
  1. water
  2. glucose
  3. amino acids
  4. urea
  5. creatinine
  6. major electrolytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The presence of LARGE PROTEINS IN THE URINE

A

proteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Proteinuria is a sign of __ __.

A

glomerular injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Kidneys play a key role in __ and __ balance.

A

fluid and electrolyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Normal adult urine output averages ___ mL/day.

A

1200 - 1500 mL/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

An output of less than ___ indicates possible circulatory, blood volume, or renal alterations.

A

30 mL/hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

An output of less than 30 ml/hr indicates possible ___ alterations

A
  1. circulatory
  2. blood volume, or
  3. renal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Substances produced by kidneys are responsible for maintaining normal (1)__ __, by producing (2)__.

A
  1. RBC volume

2. erythropoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pts with chronic kidney conditions cannot produce sufficient quantities of (1)__; therefore they are prone to (2)__.

A
  1. erythropoietin

2. anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Renal hormones affect __ __ regulation.

A

blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Renal ischemia

A

decreased blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Kidneys produce a substance that converts vitamin D into its active form. This affects __ and __ regulation.

A

calcium and phosphate regulation (prone to renal bone disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Urination; act of passing or expelling urine voluntarily through the urethra

A

micturition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Brain structures that influence bladder function (4); they inhibit the urge to void or allow voiding.

A
  1. cortex
  2. thalamus
  3. hypothalamus
  4. brainstem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bladder capacity generally ranges from ____ mL of urine.

A

600 - 1000 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

An adult normally voids every ____ hours

A

2-4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Children do no have enough neurological development to be toilet trained until after __.

A

24 months (some are not developed enough until 36 months)

23
Q

Damage to the spina cord above the sacral region causes __ __.

A

reflex incontinence

24
Q

Reflex incontinence causes loss of __ __ of urination; urination will occur without sensation of the need to void.

A

voluntary control

25
Q

Occurs when a bladder is overly full and bladder pressure exceeds sphincter pressure; resulting in involuntary leakage of urine

A

Overflow Incontinence

26
Q

Causes of Overflow Incontinence

A
  1. head or spinal injury
  2. multiple sclerosis
  3. diabetes
  4. trauma to urinary system
  5. postanesthesia sedatives/hypnotics…
27
Q

A life-threatening problem that affects HR and BP; is caused by an overly full bladder

A

Hyperreflexia

28
Q

Conditions that affect urine volume and quality are generally categorized as __, __, or __ in origin.

A

prerenal, renal, or postrenal

29
Q

Prerenal, renal, or postrenal conditions sometimes __ renal function.

A

alter

30
Q

Conditions of the lower UT __ __ __.

A

affect urinary elimination

31
Q

Older men often suffer from ___, which makes them prone to urinary retention and incontinence.

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

32
Q

Diseases that cause irreversible damage to kidney tissue result in ____.

A

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

33
Q

Dialysis and organ transplantation are methods of __ __.

A

renal replacement.

34
Q

Factors influencing Urination

A
  1. Disease conditions
  2. Sociocultural Factors
  3. Psychological Factors
  4. Fluid Balance
  5. Surgical Procedures
  6. Medication
  7. Diagnostic Examination
35
Q

Awakening to void one or more times at night

A

Nocturia

36
Q

An excessive output of urine

A

polyuria

37
Q

A urine output that is decreased despite normal intake

A

oliguria

38
Q

No urine is produced; often in severe kidney disease

A

anuria

39
Q

Increased urine formation

A

diuresis

40
Q

Anesthetics and narcotic analgesics slow the __ __ __, reducing urine output.

A

glomerular filtration rate

41
Q

The Pt with urinary diversion has a __ to the abdomen to drain urine.

A

stoma (artificial opening)

42
Q

An accumulation of urine resulting from an inability of the bladder to empty properly

A

urinary retention

43
Q

Alterations in Urinary Elimination

A
  1. Urinary Retention
  2. UTI
  3. Urinary Incontinence
  4. Urinary Diversions
44
Q

Assessment for urinary retention

A
  1. volume and frequency of voiding

2. abdomen for evidence of bladder distention and tenderness

45
Q

Key signs of acute retention

A
  1. bladder distention

2. absence of urine output over several hours

46
Q

Pain or burning during urination (Pts with lower UTIs)

A

dysuria

47
Q

(5) symptoms develop as UTI develops

A
  1. fever
  2. chills
  3. nausea
  4. vomiting
  5. malaise
48
Q

An irritated bladder

A

cystitis

49
Q

Cystitis causes a __ and __ sensation of the need to void.

A

frequent and urge

50
Q

blood-tinged urine

A

hematuria

51
Q

Hematuria: the urine appears concentrated and cloudy because of the presence of __ or __.

A

WBCs or bacteria

52
Q

Pyelonephritis: Infection spreads to the upper urinary tract (kidneys). 4 common symptoms are

A
  1. flank pain
  2. tenderness
  3. fever
  4. chills
53
Q

The involuntary leakage of urine that is sufficient to be a problem

A

Urinary Incontinence

54
Q

Urinary incontinence related to urinary causes is called __ __ or __ __ __.

A

stress incontinence or urge urinary incontinence

From Flashcardlet (144 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions