10.6.2013(FM,INJURIES) 33 Flashcards
(148 cards)
0
Q
Racoon eye occurs due to # of
A
Anterior cranial fossa
1
Q
Whiplash injury is caused due to
A
Acute hyper extension of cervical spine btw C4-C6
2
Q
Sutural #
A
Diastatic #
3
Q
Diastatic # occurs in
A
Only in young individuals
4
Q
Communited#,synonyms
A
Spider web fracture
Stellate #(no displacement of fragments)
5
Q
Pond# also known as
A
Indented #
6
Q
Wrinkled wound occurs over
A
Scrotum
Folded skin-flexed elbow and knee,obese abdomen
7
Q
Synonyms for tentative cuts
A
Trial wounds
Hesitation cuts
Preliminary cuts
8
Q
Suicidal cut throat
A
Above thyroid cartilage
From above downwards
9
Q
Homicidal cut throat wounds
A
At or below thyroid cartilage
TRANSVERSE or below upwards
10
Q
Most common type of abrasion
A
Graze abrasion
11
Q
Tangential contact over smooth surface
A
Friction burn
Brush abrasion
Scuff
12
Q
Ant bite marks are found over
A
Mucocutaneous junction Knuckles Moist areas Axilla Genitalia Groin
13
Q
Characteristic of ant bite marks
A
Multiple
Crescentric
Sand like
14
Q
Come out bruise appears after
A
2 days
15
Q
Come out bruise also known as
A
Delayed bruise
16
Q
Tyre marks is a type of
A
Bruise(patterned)
17
Q
Blood in vessels that can be easily washed away is seen in
A
PM hypostasis
18
Q
Artificial bruise can be produced by
A
Marking nut
Plumbago
Calotropis juice
19
Q
Diff btw artificial and true bruise
A
Artificial bruise Irregular shape with REGULAR MARGINS Chemical test positive Contains acrid serum Inflammation and itching vesicles may be seen
20
Q
Shape of laceration produced by hammer
A
Crescentric
21
Q
Shape of laceration produced by blunt pointed metal rod
A
Stellate
22
Q
Shape of laceration produced by stick
A
Linear laceration with split Y shape
23
Q
A neck injury is penetrating if
A
It violates platysma
24
Perforating stab injury,synonyms
Through and through wound
| Transfixing wound
25
Provisional callus forms in fracture of bone by
7 days
26
Callus becomes thick and hard like bone in
3 months
27
In lacerated wound the hair bulb is
Crushed
NOT CUT
28
Callus is radiologically visible in
3weeks
29
Formation of osteoid matrix after fracture
3 days
30
Remodelling and bone reabsorption of bone after # takes place in
6 months
31
Knocked out tooth,clot replaced by fibrous tissue by
2 weeks
32
Knocked out tooth,socket completely replaced by new bone in
1 yr
33
PM clot lacks
Platelets
34
Edges of AM wound
Gaping
Everted
Swollen
35
Pedestrian injuries,order of involvement of structures
Legs>head>arms>pelvis>chest or abdomen>neck and spine
36
Bumper # in children
of femur
37
Direction of vehicle in bumper fracture is determined by
Apex of #
38
pedestrian accident,abrasions are commonly seen in
Secondary impact injuries
Primary impact shows contusions
39
Collision injury is also known as
Second impact injury
40
Third impact in car crash is between
Internal Organs and frame of body
41
Effective range for air rifle
40metres
42
Empty cartridge case is ejected after firing in
Pistol
43
Effective range of shot gun is
30-40 yards
44
Range of military rifle
3000yards
45
Range of revolver
100metres
Same for automatic pistol
46
Range of rifle(long barrel)
1000metres
Carbine(short barrel): 300metres
47
Tracer bullet contains
Barium nitrate
Powdered Mg with strontium nitrate gives it red color
48
Key hole entry wound is caused by
```
Yawning bullet
Tangential entry(gutter wound)
```
49
Appearance of tandem bullet entrance wound
Single
| Appears as if fired from long range(d/t abscence of flame,smoke and gun powder)
50
Entrance wound in tandem/duplex cartridge
Two sites separated by as much as 30cm
51
Substances used in incendiary bullet
Powdered aluminium and magnesium with barium nitrate
White phosphorus is not used now.
52
Tail wobble
Tail wag
| Occurs in initial few microseconds when fired from rifle or pistol
53
Bullet Entrance wound over skull
Outer table: clean cut hole
| Inner table : bevelled
54
Gun cotton
Nitrocellulose
55
Pyrodex
```
PCS+
Potassium perchlorate
Sodium benzoate
Dicyandiamide
Dextrin wax
Graphite
```
56
Size of bullet entry wound
Smaller when nearer,larger when farther
57
Scorching in firearm entry wound is produced due to
Heat
58
Shot gun Close range,distance
<1metre
59
Short range,distance from Shot gun
1-2metres
60
Intermediate range,distance from Shot gun
2-4metres
Distant:>4
61
Back splatter
Occurs in contact shot
| Hair,blood and fragments of tissue enter barrel of gun
62
Functions of wad
```
Separates projectile from propellant
Lubricates the bore
Seals the bore effectively
Prevents expanding gases from escaping
Allows optimum pressure from developing
```
63
Complete dispersion in shotgun occurs after
4metres
64
Gun powder residues
```
BALC
barium
Antimony
Lead
Copper
```
65
Bullet should be removed with
Bare fingers or rubber tipped forceps
66
Most common type of blast
Air blast
67
Most commonly injured structure in airblast
Tympanic membrane
68
Most common cause of life threatening injury in air blast
Lung
69
Most common structure injured in solid blast
Skeleton(leg or vertebral column)
70
GIT structures commonly injured in airblast
Caecum and colon
71
Types of blast injury
Primary: rapid crushing pressure
Secondary: marshall triad
Tertiary: victim thrown in air due to blast wind
Quaternary
72
Immediate causes of death in burns
```
Primary neurogenic shock
Secondary shock due to volume depletion
Asphyxia
Cyanide toxicity
Fat embolism
```
73
Delayed causes of death in burns
ATN
| infection
74
Palmar surface of hand corresponds to
1% of body area
75
Filigree burns,synonyms
Lichtenberg flower burns
| Arborescent
76
Electrical injury changes in muscle
Zenker change
77
Electrical injury change in bones
Bone pearls
| Wax drippings
78
Arc eye burn
Skin manifestation of high voltage burn
79
Causes of lightning flash injury
```
4 factors of spencer
Direct effect of high voltage current
Burning caused by superheated air
Effect of expanded and repelled air
Sledge hammer blow by compressed air pushed before the current
```
80
Lightening flash is ____________ current
Direct
81
5 factors of Andrews and copper
```
Lightening injury
Direct strike
Side flash
Step voltage
Touch voltage and surface arc discharge
Sledge hammer effect
```
82
In frost bite skin becomes black and hard in
2 weeks
83
In starvation gall bladder is
Distended
84
In acute starvation feeling of intense hunger lasts
36-48hrs
85
If both water and food are withheld to a person,death usually occurs in
10-12days
86
Newborn may survive without food and water for
7-10days
87
If food alone is withheld death occurs in
6-8weeks(50-60days)
88
Need for fluid resuscitation in children and adults
Child>10% of BSA
| Adults>15% of BSA
89
Type of fluid to be used in burns
RL
90
Parkland formula
Fluid to be given= % SA involved* body weight*4
First half to be given in 8 hours
Next half to be given in 16 yrs
91
Types of burns
Superficial partial thickness burns: epidermis+papillary dermis
Deep partial thickness burns: epidermis+reticular dermis
Full thickness burns: epidermis+dermis
92
Appearance of Superficial partial thickness burns:
```
red
moist
capillary refilling+
blanches
No capillary staining
```
93
Appearance of Deep partial thickness burns:
Not moist
Abundant fixed capillary staining
No blanching
94
Appearance of Full thickness burns
Hard and Leathery
No capillary refill
Thrombosed vessels can be seen
95
Healing of Superficial partial thickness burns
In 2 weeks without scarring
96
Healing of Deep partial thickness burns:
3 or more weeks with hypertrophic scarring (without surgery)
97
Sensation in burns
Superficial partial thickness burns: pinprick sensation+,very painful
Deep partial thickness burns:unable to distinguish sharp from blunt pressure
Full thickness burns:all sensations lost
98
Executive magistrates
Collector
Sub collector
Tahsildar
99
CrPC that deals with summons
61-69
100
Who need not take oath
Children<12 yrs
101
Torture,IPC
330
102
Abduction,IPC
362
103
Attempt to commit murder,IPC
307
Attempt to commit culpable homicide: 308
104
IPC 87
Cannot give consent for dangerous activity <18yrs
105
IPC 89
Cannot give consent for any procedure below 12 yrs
106
Children under _________ yrs cannot do any work
12 years
107
Children under __________ yrs of age cannot do factory work
14yrs
108
Magistrate inquest is conducted in
```
Exhumation
Dowry death
Custodial death
Death of convict in jail
Death as a result of police shooting
Death in a psychiatry hospital
```
109
Dowry death
Unnatural Death of women <30 yrs of age or within 7 yrs of marriage
110
Autopsy in dowry death
Two medical officers must conduct it
111
Falaanga is also known as
Falaka
| Baatinada
112
Wet submarine,synonyms
Labaneva
Latina
Pileta
113
Will written by testator in own hand writing
Holograph will
114
Testamentary capacity,IPC
31
115
Product rule
Durham rule
116
Atkins rule
New Hampshire doctrine
117
Indian lunacy was passed in
1912
118
For diagnosis of lunacy a person can be kept under observation at a stretch for
10 days extendable to a maximum of 30 days
119
Mandatory report of suicide
Not needed if the patient survives
120
Reporting of poisoning
A government doctor should report all cases of poisoning
| A private doctor need not inform suicidal and accidental cases
121
Presenile dementia is defined as that which occurs below the age of __________ yrs
60yrs
122
Declaration of Genova is related with
Hippocrates oath
123
Medical etiquette
Normal courtesy of one doctor towards another
124
Disciplinary control over registered medical practitioners is under
State medical council
125
In case of Malpractice punishment is given by
High court
126
Not a defence for criminal negligence
Consent for act
| Contributory negligence
127
Res judiciate
Defence in civil negligence
Question of negligence already decided by court,the patient would not be allowed to contest the same in another proceeding
128
Electrolytes in freshwater drowning
Hyponatremia
Hypochloremia
Hyperkalemia
129
Electrolytes in saltwater drowning
Hypermagnesemia
| Hyperchloremia
130
Causes of suspended animation
```
Electrocution
Typhoid,cholera
Newborn
Heat stroke
Hanging
Hysteria
```
131
Sub pleural petechial hemorrhages in drowning
Paltauf hemorrhage
132
Poisons causing froth
Cocaine
OPC
morphine
Barbiturates
COMB
133
Froth in drowning
Fine,copious,persistent, white leathery
134
Hydrocution is due to
```
Duck diving(diving feet first into water)
Horizontal entry into water(solar plexus)
Sudden impact with very cold water on body,ear drum,larynx,pharynx
```
135
Drowning of unconscious produces
Oedema aquosum(no froth)
136
Hydrostatic lung is seen in
Postmortem drowning
137
Emphysema aquosum
Seen in wet drowning
| Froth in lungs
138
PM lividity in drowning
Light pink
139
Diatoms in drowning are found in
Bone marrow of long bones(femur,tibia,humerus or sternum)
| Brain
140
Water in small intestine
Definitive sign of AM drowning
| But invalid in putrefaction(relaxation of pyloric sphincter)
141
Cell walls of diatom
Silicaceous
142
Diatom test is negative in
Dead bodies thrown in water
| Dry drowning
143
Diatoms are
Unicellular algae
144
Gettler test
Measures cl- content btw lt and rt side of heart
| A difference of more than 25% is indicative of wet drowning
145
Gettler test is of no value in
Atypical drowning
Congenital cardiac defects(shunts,PFO)
Drowning medium contains same amount of chlorine
146
Most common type of drowning
Accidental
147
Who can investigate a case of death?
Senior head constable
| Sub inspector and above
