17.6.2013(ENT) 40 Flashcards
(118 cards)
0
Q
Middle ethmoid air cell opens into
A
Bulla ethmoidalis
1
Q
Accessory Ostia are found in
A
Posterior fontanelle
2
Q
Piccadilly circle
A
Bulla ethmoidalis
Uncinate process
Ethmoidal infundibulum
Hiatus semilunaris
Frontal recesses
3
Q
Nerve supply of septum
A
Nasopalatine nerve
4
Q
Anterior ethmoidal nerve supplies
A
Anterosuperior part of lateral nasal wall
5
Q
Fourth turbinate
A
Agger nasi
6
Q
Drainage of sphenoid sinus
A
Sphenoethmoidal recess
7
Q
Other name for ethmoidal bulla
A
Torus lateralis
8
Q
Anterior nasal valve is formed by
A
Lower end of upper lateral cartilage
9
Q
Haller cells belong to ___________ ethmoidal sinuses
A
Anterior
10
Q
Maxillary artery branches supplying nose
A
Greater palatine
Sphenopalatine
Infraorbital
11
Q
Movement of cilia is
A
Metachronus
12
Q
Ciliary movement rate of nasal mucosa
A
5-10mm/min
13
Q
Beat frequency of cilia
A
10Hz
14
Q
Drugs causing Choanal atresia
A
Methimazole
Carbimazole
15
Q
Second most common association in charge syndrome
A
Mental retardation
16
Q
Chonal atresia is more common on
A
Right side
17
Q
Rx of B/L Choanal atresia
A
McGovern technique(feeding nipple with large hole)
18
Q
CT criteria for diagnosis of Choanal atresia
A
Posterior Choanal orifice is less than 0.34cm
Posterior vomer more than 0.55 cm
19
Q
Septal deviation is more common in
A
Caucasian males
20
Q
Stewart granuloma is
A
T/NK cell granuloma
21
Q
Drug causing septal perforation
A
Cocaine
22
Q
Percentage of newborns with septal deviation
A
20%
23
Q
Structure not visualised on posterior rhinoscopy
A
Inferior meatus
24
Common indication for septoplasty $
DNS with symptoms
As a part of septorhinoplasty
Approach to hypophysectomy
Recurrent epistaxis due to septal spur
25
Packing useful to prevent synechiae formation after nasal surgery
Mitomycin
26
Bony septal perforation occurs in
Syphilis
27
Etiology of anterior ethmoidal neuralgia
Middle turbinate pressing on the nasal septum
28
Globulomaxillary cyst arise at junction of
Primitive palate and palatine process
29
Globulomaxillary cyst is found btw
Lateral incisor and canine teeth
30
Both bony and cartilaginous septal perforation occurs in
Wegener granulomatosis
31
Most common symptom of rhinoscleroma
Nasal obstruction and crusting
32
Manifestations of cicatrising stage of rhinoscleroma
Subglottic stenosis
| Stenosis of nose,nasopharynx,oropharynx
33
Polyps are common in
Men
34
Incision for extranasal ethmoidectomy
Howarth incision
35
Antrochoanal polyps are visualised by
Posterior rhinoscopy
Not seen by anterior rhinoscopy
36
Fly species commonly causing nasal myiasis
Chrysomia
37
Rx of recurrent ethmoidal polyp
Extranasal ethmoidectomy
38
MC complication of Caldwell luc operation
Damage to infra orbital nerve
39
Order of appearance of symptoms in samter triad
1. Asthma
2. Polyps
3. Aspirin sensitivity
40
Secondary Atrophic rhinitis due to syphilis occurs due to
Secondary syphilis
41
Features of seasonal allergic rhinitis
Rhinorhea
| Conjunctival discharge
42
Features of perennial allergic rhinitis
Nasal obstruction and anosmia
43
Pharynx in allergic rhinitis
Granular pharyngitis
44
CI for immunotherapy
Coexistent asthma
Pt taking Betablockers
Age less than 5 yrs
Pregnancy
45
Typical feature of vasomotor rhinitis
Paroxysmal sneezing in morning
46
Mulberry appearance of turbinates is seen in
Hypertrophic rhinitis
esp.inferior turbinates
47
Rhinitis sicca
Atrophic changes confined to anterior third of nose
48
Organisms causing atrophic rhinitis
```
Klebsiella ozaena
Diphtheroids
P.vulgaris
S.aureus
Streptococcus
E.coli
Cocobacilus foetidus ozaena
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Pasturella multocida
```
49
Nutritional causes of atrophic rhinitis
Deficiency of vitamin A,D,E and iron
50
Composition of alkaline douche
```
NaCl(56.7g)
Sodium bicarbonate(28.4g)
Sodium biborate(28.4g)
```
In 280ml of warm water
51
Role of glycerine and glucose in atrophic rhinitis
Glucose inhibits proteolytic organisms
| Glycerine is hygroscopic
52
Kemicetine anti ozaena solution
Chloramphenicol
Vit D2
Estradiol
Propylene glycol
53
Lautenslager operation
Done in atrophic rhinitis
| Submucous injection of Teflon paste
54
Nasal cholesteatoma
Rhinitis caseosa
55
Atrophic rhinitis is common in
Females btw puberty and menopause
56
Woodruff area is found at
Posterior end of inferior turbinate
57
Vessels forming woodruff area
Anastamosis btw sphenopalatine and post pharyngeal pharyngeal artery
58
Brown area is
Venous plexus
59
Classification into anterior and posterior epistaxis is based on
Pyriform aperture
60
Most common cause of epistaxis
1. Idiopathic
| 2. nose picking after URTI
61
Ligation of ant and post ethmoidal arteries
Between inner canthus and midline of nose
62
Internal maxillary artery is ligated by
Caldwell luc approach
63
Rx of recurrent epistaxis in a pt with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Septal dermoplasty
64
MC cause of epistaxis in child
Upper respiratory catarrh
65
Primary epistaxis is associated with use of
Aspirin
| Alcohol
66
In epistaxis external carotid artery is ligated
Above the origin of superior thyroid artery
67
Venous drainage channels in posterior wall of frontal sinus
Foramina of breschet
68
Minor signs for diagnosis of sinusitis
Headache
Halitosis
Dental pain
69
Site of pain of sphenoid sinusitis
Vertex
70
Chronic sinusitis,duration
More than 3 months
Acute sinusitis(7days - 4weeks)
71
Orbital complications are due to
```
Ethmoid sinusitis(children)
Frontal sinusitis(adults)
```
72
Osteomyelitis of maxillary sinus is common in
Children
Frontal sinus osteomyelitis is common in adults
73
Mucocele of sphenoid sinus presents as
Superior orbital fissure or orbital apex syndrome
74
Recurrent sinusitis
4 or more episodes of sinusitis each year lasting for more than 7-10 days
75
Steps in FESS
```
Uncinectomy
Anterior ethmoidectomy
Middle meatal antrostomy
Posterior ethmoidectomy
Sphenoidotomy
Frontal recess clearance
```
76
Indications of Caldwell luc Sx
```
Recurrent antrochoanal polyp in adults
Vidian neurectomy
Ligation of sphenopalatine artery
Foreign body in maxilla
Oroantral fistula
Dental cyst
# of maxilla
```
77
Maxillary sinus achieves maximum size at
Secondary dentition(9yrs of age)
78
Common cause of AFRS
Dematiaceous fungi(bipolaris,curicularia,alternaria)
79
Pain of maxillary sinusitis is aggravated by
Coughing
| Stooping
80
Complications of chronic sinusitis
Mucocele
| Pyocele
81
Most common sinusitis causing cavernous sinus thrombosis
Ethmoid sinusitis
82
Cavernous sinus thrombosis is common in
Children
All orbital complications are common in children
83
Least common sinus to be affected by mucocele
Maxillary
84
Most common site of mucormycosis
Middle turbinate
85
Risk factor for SCC of sinuses
Nickel
86
Infection associated with inverted papilloma
HPV
87
Other name for sinonasal SCC
Nose picker cancer
88
Most common site of malignant melanoma of nose
Anterior part of nasal septum
89
Olfactory neuroblastoma is common in
Females
90
Swiss cheese pattern is seen in
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
91
Commonest site of osteoma
Mandible
92
Softwood is a risk factor for
SCC of sinuses
93
Earliest lymphnode to be involved in SCC of paranasal sinuses
Retropharyngeal
94
Commonest lymphnode to be involved in SCC of paranasal sinuses
Submandibular lymphnode
95
Ohngren classification
Line drawn between medial canthus of eye and angle of mandible
Growths above this plane have poor prognosis
96
Classification of Ca maxilla
Ohngren
TNM
Lederman
97
Lederman classification
Two horizontal lines of sebileau
One passing through floors of orbit
Others passing through floors of Antrum
98
Narrowest part of GIT
Pharyngoesophageal junction(apart from appendix)
99
Lower border of nasopharynx,vertebral level
C2
100
Thornwald disease
Inflammation of nasopharyngeal bursa
101
Nasopharyngeal bursa is remnant of
Connection of notochord to pharyngeal endoderm
102
Absolute indication for adenoidectomy
OSA
| recurrent otitis media with effusion
103
JNA commonly extends to which cranial fossa
Middle
104
Preoperative procedures to reduce blood loss in JNA
Embolisation
Estrogen therapy
Cryotherapy
Radiotherapy
105
Sardana approach for JNA
Transpalatine+sublabial
106
Risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
```
Burning of incense wood
Smoking of tobacco and opium
Air pollution
Nitrosamines
VitC deficient diet
```
107
Earliest node to be involved in Ca nasopharynx
Retropharyngeal
108
Most common lymphnode to be involved in Ca nasopharynx
Jugulodigastric(upper deep cervical)
109
Most common site of secondaries from Ca nasopharynx
Bones
110
Palatal paralysis in Ca nasopharynx is due to
CN IX palsy
111
Rx of choice for Ca nasopharynx
Radiotherapy
112
Most common complication of RT to Ca nasopharynx
Xerostomia
113
Latest RT with less complications
Intensity modulated RT
114
Involvement of posterior cervical node in absence of jugular node involvement
Ca nasopharynx
115
Radiotherapy in JNA
Intracranial extension
| Recurrence
116
Surgical approaches for JNA
```
Transpalatine(Wilson)
Lateral rhinotomy
Mid facial degloving
Transpalatine+sublabial(sardana)
Transhyoid
Transzygomatic
Transmandibular
```
117
Chemotherapy in JNA
Doxorubicin
Vincristine
Dacarbazine
DVD
