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27.5.2013(neurology) 19 Flashcards

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0
Q

Sugars showing needle shaped crystals

A

Glucose
Fructose
Mannose

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1
Q

Osazone test

Glucose

A

Needle shaped crystals

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2
Q

Pincushion with pin/hedgehog

Osazone test

A

Lactose

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3
Q

Sunflower shaped crystals

Osazone test

A

Maltose

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4
Q

Reducing substances

A 
All monosaccharides
Sucrose after hydrolysis
Sugars with free aldehyde or keto group(lactose,maltose)
Homogentisic acid
Ascorbic acid
Salicylates
Glucuronidated drugs
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5
Q

Afferent ending in dynamic stretch reflex

A

Annulospiral ending

Static(both annulo and flower-spray ending)

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6
Q

Adverse effects of cyclosporine

A 
Diabetes mellitus
Hyperlipidemia
Hypertension
Neurotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity
Gum hypertrophy
Hirsutism 
Hyperkalemia
Hyperuricemia
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7
Q

Diff btw tacrolimus and cyclosporine

A 
Tacrolimus does not cause 
Hirsutism
Gum hypertrophy
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperuricemia

Hyperglycaemia and neurotoxicity are more with tacrolimus

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8
Q

Single stranded DNA virus

A

Parvovirus

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9
Q

Double stranded RNA virus

A

Reo virus

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10
Q

Non enveloped DNA virus

A

Parvovirus
Papova
Adeno

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11
Q

Non enveloped RNA virus

A

Picorna virus
Calici
Reo

PCR

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12
Q

ROM treatment is for

A

Solitary leprosy

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13
Q

ROM components

A

Rifampicin 600mg
Ofloxacin 400mg
Minocycline 100mg

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14
Q

MRI findings in Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

A

Small hippocampus
Small temporal lobe
Enlarged temporal horn

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15
Q

EEG finding in Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

A

U/L or B/L anterior temporal spikes

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16
Q

Neurofibrillary tangles

A

Abnormally phosphorylated tau proteins in cytoplasm

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17
Q

Risk factors for AD

A 
Females
Low education
Aluminium,mercury
Elevated homocysteine and cholesterol
Low folic acid levels
Diabetes
Downs
Hypertension
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18
Q

Genetic factors in AD

A 
APP gene-21
PS 1(14) m/c
PS 2(1)
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19
Q

Protective factors for AD

A

Smoking
NSAID
STATINS

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20
Q

Neuritic plaques

A

Central Abeta amyloid

Surrounded by tau protein

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21
Q

Most severe pathology of AD is found in

A

Hippocampus
Temporal cortex
Nucleus basalis of meynart(lateral septum)

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22
Q

First biochemical injury in AD

A

Soluble amyloid fibrils OLIGOMERS

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23
Q

Drug used in catamenial epilepsy

A

Acetazolamide

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24
Anticonvulsants causing reversible vit k deficiency in infants of epileptic mothers
Phenytoin Phenobarbitone Primadone Enzyme inducers
25
Hirano bodies
In AD hippocampus
26
Rx of AD
``` Donepezil Rivastigmine Galant amine Tacrine (hepatotoxic ) Mementine(NMDA blocker) Ginkgo Bilbao ```
27
Capgrass syndrome is predominant feature of
Lewy body dementia
28
Huntington disease is due to(neurotransmitter defect)
Intrastriatal cholinergic and GABAnergic neurons
29
Molecular basis of FTD
Tau protein
30
Molecular basis of DLB
Alpha synuclein
31
Progranulin gene abnormality is seen in
FTD
32
Pick disease is a type of
FTD
33
Clinical features of DLB
``` Visual hallucinations Capgras Parkinsonism Falls REM sleep behaviour disorder ```
34
Difference btw AD and DLB
Memory is better | Visuospatial defects are more in DLB
35
Lewy bodies stain for
PAS | ubiquitin
36
Lewy bodies+amyloid plaques+NFT
Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease
37
Cortical ribboning is seen in
CJD
38
Imaging abnormalities in CJD
Cortical ribboning | Basal ganglia or thalamic hyper intensities in diffusion/flare MRI
39
First symptom of Alzheimer's disease
Memory loss
40
Hyperorality is seen in
FTD
41
Neurological features in FTD
``` PSP/CBD overlap Vertical gaze palsy Axial rigidity Dystonia alien hand ```
42
Euphoria is seen in which dementia
FTD
43
Reversible dementias
``` Hypothyroidism B12 deficit Thiamine deficit NPH SDH chronic infection Tumors Drug intoxications ```
44
Intraneuronal inclusions in Huntington disease
Ubiquitin | Huntingtin
45
Onset of HD
25-45 yrs
46
HD is characterised by
Motor Behavioural and Cognitive dysfunction
47
Prion disease occurs due to accumulation of
PrPsc
48
Most common prion disease
CJD
49
Early symptoms in CJD
Visual
50
Characteristic symptom of CJD
Myoclonus 90%
51
EEG change in CJD
Short interval high amplitude periodic triphasic sharp discharges
52
CSF finding in CJD
Elevated stress protein 14-3-3
53
Confirmatory test for CJD
Brain biopsy showing PrPsc
54
Gait abnormality in NPH
Apraxia
55
Causes of wernicke encephalopathy
``` Alcoholism Hyperemesis gravidarum Starvation Renal dialysis Cancer AIDS rarely gastric surgery ```
56
Triad of wernicke encephalopathy
Global confusion Ophthalmoplegia Ataxia GOA
57
First sign to improve after thiamine administration in wernicke
Ocular palsies
58
Sign that may persist even after Rx with thiamine in wernicke
Horizontal nystagmus
59
The symptom that improves slowly with Rx of wernicke
Ataxia
60
Lesions in acute cases of wernicke
Periventricular lesions with petechial hemorrhages
61
Lesion in chronic case of wernicke
Atrophy of mammillary bodies
62
Amnesia in wernicke is due to
Lesion of dorsal medial nucleus of thalamus
63
Neurotransmitter that accumulates in wernicke encephalopathy
Glutamate
64
Most common presenting symptom of pseudotumor cerebri
Headache
65
Taupathies
CBD PSP FTD
66
Neurodegenerative disorders with alpha synuclein pathology
``` Nigrostriatal degeneration Olivopontocerebellar degeneration Shy drager syndrome Multi system atrophy Motor neuron disease with PD features DLB ```
67
Huntington variant causing Parkinsonism
Westphalt
68
SCA causing Parkinsonism
SCA 3
69
Genetically mediated disorders with Parkinson features
``` Halleverdin Spatz Chediak higashi Prion disease Wilson disease Fragile X premutation with ataxia-Parkinsonism-tremors ```
70
Acquired causes of Parkinsonism
VASCULAR Parkinsonism NPH catatonia Cerebral palsy
71
Drugs causing Parkinsonism
``` Antipsychotics Alpha methyl dopa Valproate Lithium Fluoxetine Antiemetics(metoclopramide) Reserpine,tetrabenazine(dopamine depleting agents) ```
72
Toxins causing Parkinsonism
``` Manganese Cyanide Methanol CO Carbondisulfide Hexane MPTP ```
73
Metabolic conditions causing Parkinsonism
Hypoparathyroidism | Pseudohypoparathyroidism
74
Infectious cause of Parkinsonism
Neurosyphilis | Encephalitis
75
Second most common Neurodegenerative disorder
Parkinsonism
76
Commonest cause of familial PD
LRRK2 gene mutation
77
Frequency of PD tremor
4-6Hz
78
Micrographia
PD macrographia in cerebellar disease
79
Reflexes in PD
DTR normal | Postural reflexes lost
80
Unusual nonmotor feature of PD
Anosmia
81
Antiparkinsonism drug available as transdermal patch
Rotigotine(dopamine agonist)
82
Non ergot alkaloid with hepatic metabolism
Ropinrole Has drug drug interactions Pramipexole has renal metabolism
83
Adverse effect of bromocriptine
Retro peritoneal | Pulmonary fibrosis
84
Drugs associated with sleep attacks
Ropinrole | Pramipexole
85
PD symptoms that respond well to levo DOPA
Rigidity | Bradykinesia
86
Drugs used for levodopa induced psychosis
Clozapine | Quetiapine
87
Peripheral adverse affect of levodopa
Hypotension Arrhythmia Mydriasis
88
Parkinson plus syndromes features
``` Early Speech and Gait impairment No response to levodopa Aggressive course Absence of rest tremor No asymmetry ```
89
Atypical parkinson with frequent falls
PSP
90
Gaze impairment in PSP
Downgaze
91
Alien limb phenomenon is seen in
CBD
92
Rx of Huntington chorea
Tetrabenazine, reserpine Chlorpromazine Haloperidol Olanzapine
93
DBS is not helpful in
Freezing Falls Dementia (non dopaminergic features)
94
DBS site for essential tremor
Ventralis intermedius nucleus of thalamus (VIM)
95
DBS site for OCD
Anterior limb of internal capsule
96
DBS site for depression
Anterior limb of internal capsule | Cingulum
97
Rx of Wilson disease in pregnancy
Zinc
98
MR angiogram is better than CT angiogram in
CVT | vertebral artery dissection
99
Most sensitive technique for detecting acute ischemic stroke
Diffusion MRI
100
Block of A1 segment
No deficit
101
Block of A2 segment
Crural monoplegia
102
Occlusion proximal to recurrent artery of heubner
Hemiplegia
103
Occlusion of recurrent artery of heubner
Facio brachial monoparesis
104
Recurrent artery of heubner is a branch of
A2 segment
105
Occlusion of unpaired ACA
Paraplegia
106
Occlusion of Proximal segment of M1
``` Hemiplegia Hemianopia Hemianesthesia LOC raised ICT ```
107
Hemiplegia Hemianopia Hemianesthesia Without LOC or raised ICT
Anterior choroidal artery
108
Occlusion of M2 superior segment
Broca aphasia | Faciobrachial monoparesis
109
M2 inferior segment occlusion
Wernicke aphasia | Superior quadrantanopia
110
Occlusion of artery of Percheron
Upgaze palsy
111
P1 supplies
Penetrating branches to thalamus | Midbrain syndromes
112
Occlusion of P2 segment
Homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
113
B/L PCA occlusion
Anton syndrome
114
B/L visual association area infarct
Baliant syndrome Misses the forest
115
Difference between ICA and MCA occlusion
Amarousis fugax
116
CO2 level above which brain death is declared in apnea test
60mm of Hg
117
Essential criteria for brain death
Harvard criteria Coma- unarousable unresponsiveness Absent brainstem reflexes Apnea test + Isoelectric EEG(confirmatory) Absence of reversible causes like hypothermia and drug intoxications(esp barbiturates)
118
CNS causes of episodic weakness
TIA of brainstem Transient global ischemia MS
119
Reflexes in lambert eaton and myasthenia gravis
LE- absent | MG- normal
120
Differences btw myasthenia gravis and lambert eaton syndrome
``` LE has Autonomic disturbance Areflexia Presynaptic Incremental response to repetitive stimulation ```
121
Characteristic of nystagmus in peripheral vertigo
Unidirectional with fast component opposite lesion Horizontal with torsional component Visual fixation inhibits nystagmus
122
Most common involuntary movement
Essential tremor
123
Pacemakers of essential tremor
Cerebellum | Inferior olive
124
Frequency of essential tremor
11Hz
125
Characteristics of essential tremor
B/L and symmetrical Improves with alcohol Worsens with stress
126
Only involuntary movement that is suprresible
Tics
127
Negative myoclonus
Asterexis
128
Rx of essential tremor
Primadone | Propranolol
129
Mode of inheritance of essential tremor
Autosomal dominant
130
Causes of chronic progressive symmetric cerebellar ataxia
``` Hypothyroidism Anti gliadin antibodies Paraneoplastic syndrome Phenytoin toxicity Tabes dorsalis ```
131
Causes for subacute symmetric progressive cerebellar ataxia
``` Mercury Solvents Gasoline Glue CYTARABINE Alcoholic nutritional deficiency B1,B12 Lyme disease ```
132
Causes of acute symmetric and progressive cerebellar ataxia
``` Alcohol Lithium Phenytoin Barbiturates Acute viral cerebellitis(varicella) ```
133
Chiari or dandy walker malformation cause what type of cerebellar ataxia
Chronic ipsilateral signs
134
AIDS related multifocal leukoencephalopathy | Type of cerebellar ataxia
Subacute and focal
135
Ataxias which have autosomal dominant inheritance
SCA 1-28 DRPLA Episodic ataxia
136
SCA due to CTG repeats
SCA 8
137
Repeats in SCA
CAG
138
SCA due to pentanucleotide repeats
SCA 10
139
Mutation in the gene for alpha 1A voltage dependant calcium channel subunit (CACNA1A gene) at 19p13 result in
SCA 6 trinucleotide repeats FHM 1 missense mutation Episodic ataxia 2 nonsense mutation
140
Most common form of inherited ataxia
Friederich's ataxia
141
Vitamin deficiency mimicking friederich ataxia
Vitamin E
142
Extensor plantar with absent reflexes
Friederich ataxia | SACD
143
Muscle tone in friederich ataxia
Normal tone
144
Weakness in friederich ataxia
Distal weakness
145
Skeletal abnormalities in friederich ataxia
Pes cavus Pes equinovarus Scoliosis
146
Infectious causes of motor neuron diseases
Polio Herpes zoster Coxsackie
147
Sporadic motor neuron disease involving predominantly UMN
Primary lateral sclerosis
148
Domains preserved in ALS
Cognition Bladder and bowel Sensory Ocular motility is spared until late stages of disease
149
Drugs used in ALS
Riluzole Ceftriaxone Antisense oligonucleotides IGF1
150
SMA 1
Infantile SMA | werdnig Hoffmann disease
151
Earliest sign of SMA1
Decreased fetal movements
152
Juvenile SMA
Type 3 | Kugelberg welander
153
Weakness in type 3 SMA
Proximal muscles
154
Neurons innervating eccrine sweat glands are
Sympathetic cholinergic
155
Trigeminal neuralgia is rare in V1 V2 V3
V1
156
Presence of trigger zones is a characteristic feature of
Trigeminal neuralgia
157
Trigeminal neuralgia | Sensory loss
Absent
158
Sensory loss in central cord syndrome
Dissociated and suspended sensory loss
159
Sacral sparing is characteristic of
Intramedullary lesions
160
Presentation of extramedullary lesions
Radicular pain Early sacral sensory loss Spastic weakness of lower limb
161
Which crosses the disk space to involve adjacent vertebral body
Infections(not tumors)
162
Balaclava helmet type sensory loss seen in
Syringomyelia
163
Most common cord involved in neoplastic compression
Thoracic
164
Sacral and lumbar metastasis of prostate cancer is due to
Bateson plexus
165
Pain in neoplastic cord compression
Nocturnal pain
166
Watershed zones of spinal cord
T3-T4 | Boundary btw ant 2/3 and post 1/3
167
Initial presentation of SACD
Subacute paresthesias in hands and feet
168
Characteristic symptoms of tabes
Fleeting and repetitive lancinating pains primarily in legs or less often in the back,thorax,abdomen,arms and face
169
Onset of meningeal syphilis
<1yr
170
Onset of Meningovascular syphilis
5-10yrs
171
Onset of general paresis
20yrs
172
Onset for tabes dorsalis
25-30yrs
173
Uthoff phenomenon
Unilateral visual blurring due to hot shower or physical exercise
174
Lhermitte symptom
Shock like pain radiating down neck inMS
175
Preferred antenatal steroid and why?
Betamethasone Dexamethasone is neurotoxic
176
Location of brown fat
``` Adrenal Kidneys Nape of neck Interscapular Axillary ```
177
Most common manifestation of recurrent HSV-1infection
Fever blister or cold sore
178
Immunohistochemical marker for hemangioma
GLUT 1
179
MC site of herpes labialis
Vermilion border of lip
180
Progression of herpes vesicles
Complete healing without scarring
181
Syndromes associated with port wine stain
``` Klippel trenaunay syndrome Cobb syndrome(spinal arteriovenous malformation) Proteus Beckwidth wideman Sturge weber Bonnet-dechaume-blanc ```
182
congenital hemangiomas appear
In first 2 months
183
Kasabach Merritt syndrome
``` Large hemangioma Hypothyroidism Thrombocytopenia MAHA hypofibrinogenemia Consumption coagulopathy ```
184
Hypothyroidism in large hemangiomas cause?
Type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase
185
Muscles involved in all inflammatory myopathy
Pharyngeal and neck muscles Head drop
186
Reflexes in inflammatory myopathy
Preserved | May be absent in atrophic muscles
187
Mechanic hands
Hyperkeratosis of ulnar aspect of thumb and radial aspect of fingers
188
Dermatomyositis sine myositis
Muscle strength normal | Biopsy shows peri vascular and perimysial inflammation
189
Substance implicated in NEC
PAF
190
Antihistaminic with anti PAF activity
Rupatidine
191
Janz syndrome
Juvenile Myoclonic epilepsy
192
Age of onset of absence seizures
7-13 yrs
193
Age of onset of Myoclonic jerks
12-18yrs
194
Age of onset of GTCS
13-20yrs
195
Gene involved in ganz syndrome
Chr6
196
Myoclonic seizures in janz syndrome occur at
Awakening
197
Course of Janz syndrome
Absence-Myoclonic -GTCS
198
EEG appearance of Janz syndrome
4-6hz poly spike and wave activity enhanced by photic stimulation
199
Intelligence in JANZ syndrome
Not affected
200
Parameter used to assess both acute and chronic malnutrition
Weight for age
201
Acute malnutrition
Wasting(weight for height<80% of expected)
202
Chronic malnutrition
Stunting | Height for age <90% of expected
203
MAC is used for children btw
1-5yrs
204
Normal MAC
16-17cm
205
MAC is measured
Shakir tape
206
MAC abnormal
<13.5
207
Severe malnutrition MAC
<11.5
208
Internal diameter of bangle
4cm
209
Normal skin fold thickness
10mm Malnourished<6mm
210
Skin fold thickness most sensitive site
Triceps
211
Factor deficiencies that can present with normal PT,APTT,TT
Factor V,X,XIII
212
Vonwillebrand disease doesn't present in neonatal period..reason
Maternal estrogen levels maintain high levels of vWF
213
Cause of scabies
Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis
214
Water washed disease
Scabies Trachoma Dysentery Typhus STD
215
Waterborne disease
Hepatitis A | Cholera
216
Water based disease
Dracunculiasis
217
Water related
Malaria
218
Average number of scabies mite in host
12
219
Distribution of papules in scabies
``` Circle of hebra Interdigital webs Sides of fingers Volar aspect of wrist Axilla Genitalia Areolae Peri umbilical region Lateral palms ```
220
Pathognomonic lesion of scabies
Burrow
221
Close DD of scabies
Hand foot mouth disease
222
Hand foot mouth disease is caused by
``` Coxsackie A16 Enterovirus 71(neurological complications) ```
223
Crusted scabies
Norwegian scabies
224
Number of mites in crusted scabies
> 1 million
225
Presentation of Norwegian scabies
Diffuse Hyperkeratosis with minimal pruritis
226
Most common cause of infantile eczema
Atopic dermatitis
227
Infantile atopic dermatitis
Erythematous patches over face and extensor aspect of limbs
228
Childhood atopic dermatitis
Flexural lichenified lesions
229
Adult atopic dermatitis
Flexural lesions
230
Bullous lesions of congenital syphilis
Pemphigus syphiliticus
231
IBA
Papular urticaria or lichen urticatus
232
A boy had itchy excoriated papules on forehead and exposed parts of arms and legs since 3yrs.it was more severe in rainy season and improved completely in winter.
IBA
233
UV ray associated with actinic keratosis
UVB
234
Rx of solar keratosis
``` 5%Imiquimod Intralesional 5FU Interferon Oral retinoids LASER ```
235
Premalignant epithelial lesions
``` Bowen Bowenoid papulosis Erythroplasia of queyrat Tar and arsenical keratosis Actinic keratosis ```
236
Wind blown appearance
Bowen disease
237
Malignant tumor that rarely metastasise @
BCC | Glioma
238
Site of BCC
Inner canthus
239
Rodent ulcer
Jacobi's ulcer
240
Malar rash,nasolabial fold is spared in
SLE
241
Rx of cholasma
Hydroquinone | Retinoids
242
Characteristics of PLE
``` Symmetrical Itchy Nonscarring Skin coloured or Erythematous But sometimes papular,Bullous ,vesicular(polymorphous) ```
243
PLE is a
photodermatosis
244
Aggravating factors for rosacea
``` Sunlight Spices Heat Alcohol Vasodilators ```
245
Melanoma with worst prognosis
Acral lentiginous
246
Most common melanoma
Superficial spreading
247
Most common melanoma in dark skinned individuals
Acral lentiginous
248
Most malignant type of melanoma
Nodular type
249
Melanoma with best prognosis
Lentigo maligna
250
Satellite nodules in melanoma is found in which stage
Stage 3C(latest AJCC)
251
Multiple hypopigmented scaly macules over upper chest and back with tendency to coalesce
Tinea versicolor
252
TV
Liver spots | Dermatomycosis furfuracea
253
Species causing TV
M.furfur M.sympodialis M.globosa M.restricta
254
Stretch sign
TV
255
Scales in TV
Brawny
256
Hypopigmentation in TV is due to
Azelaic acid which inhibits tyrosinase and cytotoxic against melanocytes
257
Wood's lamp TV
Pale/golden yellow fluorescence
258
Rx of TV
Topical azoles Selenium sulfide Oral ketoconazole Itraconazole
259
Tzanck smear
Acantholytic cells of Pemphigus | Giant cells of HSV and varicella
260
Skin lesions in indeterminate leprosy
Illdefined hypopigmented macules No/slight anesthesia Bacilli not demonstrated
261
Indeterminate type progresses to which type of leprosy
Lepromatous
262
Lesions in lepromatous leprosy
Sensation retained | Generalised
263
Well defined grenz zone
Lepromatous leprosy
264
Virchow cells
Lepromatous leprosy
265
Characteristic of borderline leprosy
Inverted saucer appearance | Annular,punched out lesions
266
Glove and stocking anesthesia is characteristic of
Lepromatous leprosy
267
ENL is a
Type 2 reaction Reversal reaction(type1)
268
ENL occurs in
LL,BL
269
Erythema necroticans
Ulcerated ENL
270
Systemic manifestations of ENL
``` Iritis Dactylitis Arthritis Epididymoorchitis Lymphadenitis Glomerulonephritis Anemia Elevated liver enzymes ```
271
ENL crops occur in
Evenings,lasts for 3 days
272
Commonest cause of Tinea unguium
Trichophyton rubrum Others T.mentagrophytes Epidermophyton floccosum
273
Nail involvement in Tinea unguim
Assymmetric | Toe>finger
274
Tunnelling under nail is seen in
Tinea unguium Subungual Hyperkeratosis
275
Mode of inheritance of malignant hyperthermia
AD
276
Defect in MH
Ryanodine receptor
277
Volatile agent safe in MH
Nitrous oxide
278
Early signs of MH
Rise in ETCO2 and inappropriate tachycardia
279
Late sign of MH
Hyperthermia
280
Diagnosis of MH
In vitro contracture test | Muscle biopsy in caffeine and halothane
281
Dantrolene has no effect on
Cardiac and respiratory muscle
282
Anesthesia of choice in MH
TIVA(propofol)
283
Rx of hyperthermia in MH
Ice cold crystalloid solutions | Paracetamol not effective
284
Dantrolene is mixed with
Mannitol
285
Sniff position
Extension at atlanto occipital jt | Flexing at neck
286
Bronchodilating anaesthetic agents
Ketamine Halothane Enflurane Cyclopropane
287
Induction agent with minimal CVS effects
Etomidate
288
Taste of garlic or onions seen with which induction agent
Thiopentone
289
Rx of emergence delirium with ketamine
Midazolam
290
Clinical types of MS
RRMS PPMS SPMS PRMS
291
MS and pregnancy
Decrease during pregnancy | Increase during peurperium
292
Natalizumab
Ab against alpha4 integrin of a4b1
293
Chemotherapeutic agent used for high grade gliomas
Temozolomide
294
Histopathology of GBM
Glomeruloid body | Pseudopalisading
295
Astrocytoma diffusly infiltrating brain
Gliomatosis cerebri
296
Demonstration of ash leaf macules
Woods lamp
297
Shagreen patches
Yellowish thickenings of skin over lumbosacral region
298
Tumor in TS
Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas
299
VHL gene
Chromosome 3
300
Hemangiomas in VHL
Retinal Spinal Cerebellar
301
Tumors in VHL
Pheochromocytoma | RCC
302
Cysts inVHL
Kidney Liver Pancreas Epididymis
303
Most common site of ependymoma
Filum terminale
304
Ependymoma histology
Myxopapillary
305
MC site of ependymoma in children
Floor of fourth ventricle
306
Most common primary intracranial neoplasm
Astrocytoma
307
Most common childhood brain tumor
Pilocytic astrocytoma
308
Most common malignant brain tumor of children
Medulloblastoma
309
Radiosensitive CNS neoplasm
Medulloblastoma
310
Site of secondary CNS lymphoma
Leptomeninges
311
Meningioma | Benign/malignant
Benign
312
Origin of meningioma
Mesoderm
313
Viral meningitis causing increased neutrophils in CSF
Echovirus 9 Mumps Eastern equine encephalitis(EEE)
314
Commonest cause of sporadic encephalitis
HSV other causes VZV EBV
315
Rx of cryptococcal meningitis
Amphotericin+ flucytosine
316
Most common parasitic CNS disease worldwide
Neurocysticercosis
317
Rx of neurocysticercoisis
Albendazole | Praziquantel
318
Pts with SSPE give a history measles infection at the age of
2 yrs
319
Age at diagnosis of SSPE
5-15 yrs
320
EEG in SSPE
Long interval periodic bursts
321
PMFL spares
Spinal cord | Optic nerves
322
Most common symptom of PMFL
Visual deficit(homonymous hemianopia)
323
The involuntary movement that persists during sleep
Myoclonus
324
Type of myoclonus in CJD
Startle myoclonus
325
Dementia with myoclonus
AD DLB Cryptococcal encephalitis Unverricht-lundborg disease
326
PrP 27-30
A fragment of PrPsc generated by action of proteinase K
327
Antibodies in AIDP
GM1
328
Antibodies in AMAN
GD1a
329
Abs in miller fisher variant
GQ1b
330
Miller Fischer variant
Areflexia Ataxia Ophthalmoplegia
331
Rapid onset of weakness and atrophy is seen in which neuropathy
Plexopathy
332
Painful onset neuropathy
Plexopathy
333
Asymmetric weakness is seen in which neuropathy
Plexopathy
334
Small fibre sensory neuropathy
``` Hereditary neuropathy(early) HIV and antiretroviral drugs Diabetes Lepromatous leprosy Fabry Amyloidosis Riley day Tangier ``` HDL FART
335
Large fibre neuropathy
``` B12 Pyridoxine Sjogren Cisplatin Friederich ataxia ```
336
Characteristic of small fibre neuropathy
Painful | Dissociated sensory loss
337
Characteristic of large fibre neuropathy
Ataxia
338
Both small and large fibre neuropathy
``` Carcinomatous sensory neuropathy Diabetic sensory neuropathy Xanthomatous neuropathy of PBC Vacor intoxication Hereditary sensory neuropathy ```
339
Diabetic amyotrophy
Diabetic lumbosacral plexus neuropathy
340
Motor predominant neuropathy
``` Lead Diphtheria GBS AIP brachial neuritis Diabetic amyotrophy ```
341
Descending paralysis
Diphtheria Polio Botulism Descending Paralysis of Body
342
Acute autonomic neuropathies
``` Amiodarone Vincristine Porphyria Botulism GBS Acute pandysautonomic neuropathy ```
343
Chronic autonomic neuropathy
``` HSAN 1 and 3(Riley day) Sjogren Diabetes Amyloid Chagas Paraneoplastic ```
344
Key cytokine in ENL
TNF
345
Lucio phenomenon is seen in
Diffuse lepromatous leprosy
346
Timing of tendon transfers in leprosy
6months after initiation of antibacterial Rx
347
2013 FDA approved drugs
1. Kynamro (mipomersen Na) for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia 2. Tocilizumab - for polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis also indicated in RA and castleman disease 3. Canakinumab for systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis 4. cysteamine bitartrate for nephropathic cystinosis 5. regorafenib for GIST (oral multikinase inhibitor 6. Radium Ra 223 dichloride for ca prostate with bone mets

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