Flashcards in 17 - The Digestive System Deck (85)
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30
Salivary glands in front of and inferior to the ear.
Parotid salivary glands
31
The smooth membrane that lines the abdomen. It folds back over the organs.
Peritoneum
32
The thick muscular valve that allows food to move into the duodenum.
Pyloric sphincter
33
The opening from the stomach to the intestine.
Pylorus
34
The last segment of the large intestine that joins the sigmoid colon and the anus.
Rectum
35
The folds of the gastic mucosa (stomach lining).
Rugae
36
The secretions of the salivary glands
Saliva
37
Glands that produce saliva to moisten the oral cavity and food; saliva contains antibodies and other substances that protect against infections in the mouth as well as enzymes that aid in the digestion of carbohydrates.
Salivary glands
38
The segment of the colon that connects the descending colon to the rectum.
Sigmoid colon
39
The tube of the GI tract with three distinct segments (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) that are involved in the absorption of nutrients into the body. In the human adult, it is approximately 22 feet long.
Small intestine
40
The largest portion of the GI tract, situated between the esophagus and the small intestine. It secretes gastric juices to assist in the breakdown of food.
Stomach
41
Salivary glands located under the tongue.
Sublingual salivary glands
42
Salivary glands located under the jawbone
Submandibular salivary glands
43
The layer of tissue beneath a mucous membrane.
Submucosa
44
The hard appendages in the mouth made of dentine and enamel that enable mastication (chewing)
Teeth
45
The tear-shaped appendage hanging down in the center of the edge of the soft palate.
Uvula
46
Tiny projections on the inner intestine walls that aid in absorption
Villi
47
A contriction in the lower portion of the esophagus caused by unrelaxed sphincter muscles.
Achalasia
48
The abnormal return of stomach contents back into the esophagus.
Acid reflux
49
Fibrous bands abnormally binding to tissue (such as scar tissue).
Adhesion
50
An eating disorder characterized by an unrealistic self-image of the body, with a pathological fear of becoming fat, excessive dieting, and emaciation. No loss of appetite occurs until the late stages of the disease; primarily affects girls and young women.
Anorexia nervosa
51
An inflammation of the appendix
Appendicitis
52
"Rumbling" noises in the GI tract, caused by gas moving through the intestines.
Borborygmus
53
An eating disorder characterized by self-induced purging (vomiting and/or diuretic and laxative abuse) after binge eating; strict dieting, fasting, or obsessive exercising to prevent weight gain.
Bulimia nervosa
54
A small, painful crater in the mouth; also called an aphthous ulcer.
Canker sore
55
An inflammation of the gallbladder
Cholecystitis
56
The loss of healthy tissue accompanied by fibrosis and chronic inflammation.
Cirrhosis of the liver
57
An inflammation of the colon
Colitis
58
The surgical construction of an artificial opening of the colon through the abdominal wall as a treatment for serious digestive problems.
Colostomy
59
