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Neuroscience > Somesthesis Lec14 > Flashcards

Somesthesis Lec14 Flashcards

1
Q

Tactile mechanoreceptors can be slowly adapting which respond to __ stimuli

A

enduring

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2
Q

Tactile mechanoreceptors can be rapidly adapting whuch respond to ___ stimuli

A

the onset of

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3
Q

which receptors have encapsulated endings?

A

ruffinis and meissners

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4
Q

___ rceptors respond really quickly

A

pacicinian

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5
Q

describes merkel receptors signals

A

have an initially strong signal that partially adapts + a weaker signal of slower adaptation

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6
Q

___ and ___ are slow adapting receptors

A

merkels and ruffinis (sounds like old peoples names.. so slow)

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7
Q

___ and ___ are rapdi adapting receptors

A

pacianian and meissers

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8
Q

____ have lamina with gelatinous, rapidly dissipating fluid in between the layers

A

pacinian

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9
Q

Two point discrimination is a good measure of ___-

A

receptor sensitivity

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10
Q

High tactile sensibility = Fine spatial discrimination = ____ receptor density

A

High

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11
Q

High receptor density = ____ receptive fields

A

Small

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12
Q

Areas of greatest sensitivity (highest receptor density) are the (3)

A

hand, face, and foot

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13
Q

receptor with best spatial resolution?

A

merkels

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14
Q

receptor with best temporal resolution?

A

Meissner (RA) & Pacinian (RA)

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15
Q

where do the DML and ALS pathways enter the SC?

A

via dorsal root ganglion –> lateral margin of the dorsal columns

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16
Q

Medial branch = ____ tract to brain

A

Dorsal Column

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17
Q

Lateral branch = ____ tract to brain

A

Anterolateral

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18
Q

Sensory nerves are segregated by ___ and ___ within the dorsal columns of the spinal cord.

A

receptor type and modality

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19
Q

In addition to segregation by receptor type and modality, there is Somatopic organization in dorsal columns of spinal cord. what is most medial? most lateral?

A

lower limb – most medial head and neck – most lateral

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20
Q

Dorsal Column Nuclei are the

A

gracile and cuneate nuclei

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21
Q

Spatial Summation: In the Dorsal Column Nuclei

neurons converge onto 2nd order neurons with____ that have both excitatory and inhibitory regions.

A

larger receptive fields

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22
Q

in the thalamus

Moving medial-lateral changes ___

A

place

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23
Q

in the thalamus

moving anterior-posterior changes ___

A

modality

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24
Q

S1 has 4 cytoarchitectonic regions: ___

A

3a, 3b, 1, and 2.

25
Q

Fibers from areas 3a and 3b go to areas ___

A

1 and 2

26
Q

Each of the 4 areas of S1 has its own independent, complete, ___

A

parallel sensory map.

27
Q

ptimary submodality of 3a

A

deep tissue input

28
Q

primary submodality of 3b

A

cutaneous receptors, SA or RA

29
Q

primary submodality of 1

A

cutaneous receptors, ra

30
Q

primary submodality of 2

A

deep pressure

31
Q

in the cortical columns

moving medial-lateral changes ___

A

place

32
Q

in the cortical columns

moving anterior-posterior changes ___

A

modality

33
Q

____ seizure progressions follow the homunculus:

A

Jacksonian

34
Q

Jacksonian seizure progressions follow the homunculus in what order

A

from finger to arm to shoulder to back to leg

35
Q

Higher level S1 cells:

____ detect direction of movement

A

Posterior vertical columns in areas 2 and 1

36
Q

are Topographic representations are modifiable?

A

yes, they change with use

37
Q

___ receptors are located in the deeper layers of the skin, and also in deeper tissues.

A

ruffinis

38
Q

Pacinian corpuscles are located ___ and ___

A

both immediately beneath the skin and also deep in the fascial tissues of the body.

39
Q

The Pacinian Corpuscle’s ability to respond is based on its unique ____ structure.

A

lamellar accessory

40
Q

the Pacinian corpuscle will respond with a single action potential for .

A

each phase of the stimulus

41
Q

hair receptors

Slight movement of any hair on the body stimulates another type of receptor that is made up of a___entwining the base of the hair.

A

nerve fiber

42
Q

The receptive field is that portion of the skin___

A

directly innervated by the receptor terminals and the area

43
Q

limitations fo ALS

A

poor localizing ability on the body and little capability for fine intensity discrimination

*just crude touch

44
Q

Sacral axons enter the spinal cord and are packed near the ____

A

midline

45
Q

The axons that are added at higher levels are packed at successively more ____

A

lateral positions.

46
Q

___ become larger in the dorsal column because they receive convergent input from many primary neurons

A

Receptive fields

47
Q

why is the receptive field of second order neurons more complicated?

A

excitatory and inhbiitory regions

48
Q

A punctate stimulus activates several touch receptors to varying ____

A

degree

49
Q

Punctate stimulus

Each of the primary units influences (2)

A
  1. its own secondary unit
  2. also its nearest neighbors
50
Q

The fibers of the medial lemniscus synapse on the ___ of the thalamus.

A

VPL

51
Q

Sensory information about a particular modality from one part of the body

is processed by collections of neurons that form ___ in the thalamus.

A

discrete functional units

52
Q

Axons of the ___that subserve a particular modality from a restricted body part form a bundle as they enter the thalamus

A

medial lemniscus

53
Q

The medial division of the VPL projects to the ___ portion of the postcentral gyrus.

A

lateral

54
Q

The lateral division of the VPL projects to the ___ portions of the postcentral gyrus.

A

medial and superior

55
Q

Most of the thalamic fibers terminate in areas ____ of S1

A

3a and 3b.

56
Q

Penfield found that stimulation of the postcentral gyrus produced tactile sensations in particular parts of the ___

A

opposite side of the body.

57
Q

The sizes of areas in the SI are directly proportional to the ___ in each respective peripheral area of the body.

A

number of specialized receptors

58
Q

3a, 3b, 1, and 2 are adjoining, parallel and they correspond to each other in their ___representation.

A

medial-to-lateral

59
Q
A

Neuroscience (35 decks)

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