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Neuroscience > Chronobiology of Sleep Lec27 > Flashcards

Chronobiology of Sleep Lec27 Flashcards

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1
Q

what stage of sleep do you spend the most time in

A

Stage 2 gets the most time (49%)

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2
Q

Throughout the night, deep sleep intervals increase in ____ with succeeding cycles

A

length

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3
Q

what is nREM?

A

stages 1-4

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4
Q

fast saw tooth waves signify

A

rem sleep

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5
Q

eeg looks ___ during rem

A

awake

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6
Q

Dreams might be caused by (3)

A

unconscious desires, consolidation of memory, or removal of unwanted memories.

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7
Q

what decreases when we age (in terms of sleep)

A
  1. length 2. deep sleep, stages 3-4
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8
Q

melatonin ___ at night

A

increases

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9
Q

melatonin lowers ___ and ___

A

brain activation and arousal

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10
Q

when does cortisol peak

A

during the am

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11
Q

what NT does the reticular activation system use

A

acetylcholine (ACh), glutamate (Glu), norepi (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5HT), & histamine (HA)

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12
Q

ACh is released during __ and __

A

wakefulness and REM sleep

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13
Q

Ach is released from the

A

basal forebrain and LDT and PPT

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14
Q

importance of basal forebrain in sleep?

A
  1. makes acetylcholine 2. makes gaba, which inhbiits the inhbiitory neurons of sleep centers
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15
Q

LDT/PPT projects primarily to

A
  1. thalamus 2. lateral hypothalamus 3. basal forebrain
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16
Q

___ optimizes attention and task performance

A

norepinephrine

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17
Q

___ firing during wakefulness > during NREM > during REM

A

locus corelueus (norepinephrine) TMN in posterior thalamus (histamine)

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18
Q

not enough NE leads to ___

A

sleepiness

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19
Q

excessive firing of norepinephrine leads to ___ and ___

A

insomnia and anxiety

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20
Q

insomnia and anxiety caused by high norepinephrine can be tx with

A

alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptor inhibitors

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21
Q

___is released from the TMN in the posterior hypothalamus

A

Histamine (HA)

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22
Q

Histamine receptors involved with wakefulness

A

h2

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23
Q

__ receptors INHIBIT histamine

A

h3

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24
Q

blocking ___ receptors –> wakefulness

A

H3

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25
how is serotonin involved with sleep?
promotes wakefulness (via RAS) and inhibits REM
26
3 areas that release dopamine
substantia nigra, vta, PAG
27
where is dopamine released from that is invovled with sleep
PAG, causes wakefulness
28
release of dopamine by PAG increases
wakefulness
29
\_\_\_ provides motivational arousal
Dopamine
30
\_\_\_ does task-oriented alertness
norepinephrine
31
\_\_\_ (a.k.a Hypocretin) is the wakefulness regulator.
Orexin
32
orexin is not part of the
ras
33
orexin is produced by the
lateral hypothalmus
34
when doe orexin fires
only fires when awake, not during nrem or rem
35
\_\_\_ corodiantes and gates all the arousal systems
thalamus
36
\_\_\_ is associated with coritcal arousal
glutaamate
37
\_\_\_\_ is probably the origin of sleep spindles
thalamus
38
the thalamus probably triggers the ___ levles tha tpromote waking up or rem sleep
acetylcholine
39
what is deep sleep
stage 3-4
40
spend least time in what sleep stage
1
41
REM amount ____ throughout the night
increases
42
Stage __ lessens throghuout the night
4
43
order of sleep cycle?
1-2-3-4-rem-2-3-4-rem-2-3-4..
44
order of amount of time we spend in each sleep stage? from most to least
stage 2 3/4 rem 1
45
during **alert** what waves do you have
beta
46
during awake but drowsy what waves do you have
alpha
47
during **stage 1** what waves do you have
theta waves
48
during stage 2 what waves do you have
sleep spindles and k complexes
49
during stage 3 and 4 what waves do you have
delta
50
during stage __ you have parasympathetic control, lower vital signs, resotratorive sleep
4
51
\_\_\_ tone dominantes during rem
syympathetic
52
stage 2
53
low voltage, fast, random activity
awake but drowsy, alpha waves
54
synchrnous delta waves occur during __ sleep
stage 3
55
ach, glutamate, monoamines increased.. increased \_\_\_
wakefulness
56
the ___ promotes wakefulness while lowering sleepiness
basal forebrain
57
know serotnonin __ seems to be the clock gene
7
58
if you block serotonin 7 receptor you promote and correct
circardian rhtym
59
tueromamillary ncuelus is associated with
hsitamine
60
The TMN promotes wakefulness and is part of the on/off sleep-wake switch of the
SCN
61
RAS operates by
incrementally increasing norepinphrine, dopamine, serotonin, ach
62
in ptsd, the ___ may be set at like 120%
ras

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