A&P Lab Exercise 5&6 Flashcards
What is a tissue?
A group of similar cells that function together to carry out specific activities
What are the four basic tissue types?
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
Where is epithelial tissue found?
Covering the body surfaces and lines the hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts
What does epithelial tissue sometimes form?
Glands
Where is connective tissue found?
Connecting structures together
What are the five functions of connective tissue?
- Protects and supports the body
- Secures organs to other structures
- Serves as an energy reserve (fat)
- Provides immunity
- Transports substances throughout the body (blood)
What is an organ?
Two or more tissue types that function together to perform specific activities
What four cells does the mesenchyme produce?
Fibroblasts
Chrondroblasts
Osteoblasts
Hematopoietic stem cell
What type of tissue do fibroblasts lay down?
Connective tissue proper
What are the two types of connective tissue?
Loose and dense connective tissue
What are the three types of loose connective tissue?
- Areolar
- Adipose
- Reticular
What are the three types of dense connective tissue?
- Regular
- Irregular
- Elastic
What type of tissue do chondroblasts lay down?
Cartilage
What are the three types of cartilage?
- Hyaline
- Fibrocartilage
- Elastic
What is a mature fibroblast/chondroblast called?
Fibrocyte/Chondrocyte
Where are the epithelial and connective tissue located in reference to one another?
Epithelial is superior to connective tissue
What are the six types of epithelial classifications?
- Simple squamous
- Simple columnar
- Simple cuboidal
- Pseduostratified columnar
- Stratified squamous
- Transitional
What does a simple squamous epithelium look like?
One layer of flat, thin cells
Where are simple squamous cells found (6)?
- Air sac of the lung*
- Blood vessels*
- Kidney glomeruli
- Lining of the heart
- Lymphatic vessels
- Ventral body cavity lining
What is the kidney glomeruli?
The blood vessels in the kidney
What is the function of simple squamous epithelium (2)?
- Diffusion*
2. Secreting lubricating substances in serosae
What does simple cuboidal epithelium look like?
A single layer of square cells with the nucleus in the center
What is the lumen?
An open space in hollow tubes (like where the air travels in the airways)
Where are simple cuboidal epithelium found (3)?
- Kidney tubules*
- Ducts and secretory portions of small glands
- Ovary surface
What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium (2)?
Secretion and absorption
What does the slide of simple cuboidal cells look like?
A circle of one layer of simple cuboidal cells around the lumen
Where is the basement membrane/apical on the slide of simple cuboidal cells?
The basement membrane is one the outside of the ring of cells; the apical is the side of the cells lining the lumen
What do simple columnar epithelial cells look like?
A single layer of rectangular cells with the nuclei lined up at the bottom of the cells
What cells are interspersed among the simple columnar cells?
Goblet cells
What does a goblet cell do?
It secretes mucus
What are the two distinctions in simple columnar epithelial cells?
Ciliated and nonciliated
Where are simple columnar epithelia located (6)?
- Nonciliated line the digestive tract*
- Gall bladder
- Excretory duct of glands
- Ciliated in bronchi
- Ciliated in uterine tubes
- Ciliated in uterus
What is the function of simple columnar epithelial cells (2)?
Secretion and absorption
What do simple columnar epithelia look like in a slide?
Wavy apical region, tall column cells, nuclei lined up orderly at the bottom of the cells, goblet cells in between
What is a pseudostratified columnar epithelial cell?
Single layer of rectangular cells with nuclei at multiple layers of the cells, with cilia at the apical
Where are pseudostratified columnar cells attached?
All are attached at the basement membrane, not all reach the surface of the layer
Where are pseduostratified columbar cells found (2)?
- Trachea*
2. Upper respiratory tract
What is the function of cilia?
To pass mucus in one direction
What does a pseudostratified columnar cell look like in a slide?
Single layer of cells with nuclei at different levels, cilia, goblet cells in between
What does simple mean?
One layer, all cells sit at the basement membrane
What is the function of pseduostratified columnar cells (2)?
- Secrete substances, especially mucus*
2. Propulsion of mucus by cilia