2 A&P II Lab Exercise 13 Female Reproductive Flashcards
What are the gonads of the female?
Ovaries
What is the product of an ovary?
Female gamete, ovum
What is fertilization?
The union of the ovum and a sperm
What is produced from fertilization?
Zygote
What is oogenesis?
The development of the ovum in the ovarian follicle
What are the broad ligaments?
Folds of the parietal peritoneum that envelope the uterus and uterine tubes, attaching them to the lateral body walls, and supports the ovaries posteriorly
What are the round ligaments?
Fibrous cords extending from the uterus to the labia majora that provide attachment of the uterus to the body wall
What are the ovarian ligaments?
THe medial supports of the ovaries, running from the uterus on each side to the ovaries
What are the suspensory ligaments?
THe lateral attachments of the ovaries to the pelvis wall
What ligaments keep the uterus anteverted?
Round ligaments
How large does the external os at the cervix dilate during childbirth?
10 cm
What is the germinal epithelium?
A layer of simple cuboidal epithelium covering the surface of the ovary
What is the tunica albuginea?
A CT capsule immediately beneath the germinal epithelium
What is the stroma?
An area of CT deep to the tunica albuginea, the ovarian follicles are found in the outer region, the cortex
What is the ovarian follicle?
The immature ovum within a saclike structure composed of one to several layers of cells
What is a primary follicle?
One or two layers of cells surrounding a primary oocyte
What is a secondary follicle?
Several layers of cells around the secondary oocyte and the beginning of a fluid filled cavity, the antrum
What is a grafian follicle?
A mature follicle with a large fluid filled cavity containing an immature ovum (secondary oocyte)
What is a corpus luteum?
THe mature ovarian follicle that has ruptured to release the ovum
What does the corpus luteum do if fertilization has occurred?
Acts as an endocrine gland as it secretes the hormones estrogen and progesterone during the first part of pregnancy and relaxin and inhibin are secreted in later stages
What is a corpus albicans?
A scar tissue formed from the corpus luteum when fertilization does not occur
What hormones does the corpus luteum secrete?
Estrogen
Progesterone
Relaxin
Inhibin
What hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete?
Follicle stimulating hormone
Leutinizing hormone
When does meiosis start?
In utero - cells stop in prophase
When does meiosis restart?
Puberty
What phase of meiosis does the oocyte stop in when in the fallopian tube?
Metaphase II
When does the oocyte continue with anaphase and telephase II?
When the sperm eats through the membrane
What does the zona pellucida act as?
The final barrier for sperm to break through
When does the corpus luteum stay active until?
Until the placenta is made
What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?
It shrinks and scars into a corpus albicans
How many chromosomes does a daughter cell from meiosis have?
23 chromosomes - it is haploid
Why does meiosis result in haploid cells?
So that when the sperm and ovum unite they produce a cell with the correct number of chromosomes
What is the progression of follicles?
Primordial follicle Primary Secondary Grafian Corpus luteum Corpus albicans
What is the infundibulum?
The distal, funnel shaped, open end of an oviduct near an ovary
What is the fimbriae?
The fingerlike projections surrounding the opening of the infundibulum
What is the ampulla?
THe widest and longest part of the uterine tube
WHat is the isthmus?
The narrow thick walled part that joins the uterus
What is the fundus?
The uppermost, dome shaped part of the uterus
What is the body?
The major, tapering part of the uterus
What is the cervix?
The lower, conical portion that projects into the vagina
What is the uterine cavity?
The cavity within the body of the uterus
What is the cervical canal?
The cavity within the cervix; continuous with the vaginal lumen
What are the layers of the uterine wall?
- perimetrium
- myometrium
- endometrium
What is the outermost layer of the uterine wall?
Perimetrium
What is the myometrium?
The bulk of the uterine wall, composed of three layers of smooth muscle tissue that aids in the expulsion of the fetus