Patho 8 - Blood Vessels Flashcards
What causes blood to flow?
Blood pressure (hemodynamic pressure)
What is cardiac output?
Volume of blood per unit of time ejected by the left ventricle into the aorta
What is vascular resistance?
Resistance to flow that must be overcome for blood to flow through the circulatory system
What is the formula for blood pressure?
CO x PVR
What two organs regulate blood pressure?
Kidney and adrenal glands
What organization gives us the guidelines on how to treat HTN?
JNC - joint national committee
What are the three stages of hypertension?
Prehypertension, HTN I, HTN II
What values depict preHTN?
130-139/85-90
How do we determine the systolic and diastolic pressures using a sphygmomanometer?
First sound heard after releasing pressure is systolic, diastolic is when sound is no longer heard
What values depict HTN?
Above 140/90 - doesn’t have to be both, it can be either or
Why have the guidelines for treating HTN for the elderly changed?
Because of atherosclerosis - our arteries naturally stiffen as we age
What two factors influence cardiac output?
Stroke volume and heart rate
What kind of drugs can decrease heart rate?
Beta blockers
What kind of drugs/substances can decrease stroke volume?
Diuretics
Aldosterone
ADH
What substances affect resistance?
Vasconstrictors
What are some vasoconstrictors that affect resistance?
Angiotensin
What are some drugs that affect resistance by limiting vasoconstriction?
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Calcium channel blockers
How does an ACE inhibitor affect resistance?
Prohibits angiotensin I to II, so angiotensin II can’t vasoconstrict vessels