Med Term 8 Flashcards
blast/o
germ or bud
-blast
germ or bud
chrom/o
color
chromat/o
color
chyl/o
juice
hem/o
blood
hemat/o
blood
immun/o
safe
lymph/o
clear fluid
morph/o
form
myel/o
bone marrow (or spinal cord)
phag/o
eat or swallow
plas/o
formation
reticul/o
net
splen/o
spleen
thromb/o
clot
thym/o
thymus gland
plasma
liquid portion of the blood and lymph containing water, proteins, salts, nutrients, hormones, vitamins, and cellular components
serum
liquid portion of blood left after the clotting process
erythrocyte
red blood cell that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide within the bloodstream
hemoglobin
protein-iron compound contained in the erythrocyte that has bonding capabilities for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
leukocyte
white blood cell that protects the body from invasion of harmful substances
granulocytes
group of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm
neutrophil
granular leukocyte, named for the neutral stain of its granules, that fights infection by swallowing bacteria
polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)
another term for neutrophil, named for the many segments present in its nucleus
band
immature neutrophil
eosinophil
granular leukocyte, named for the rose color stain of its granules, that increases with allergy and some infections
basophil
granular leukocyte, named for the dark stain of its granules, that brings anticoagulant substances to inflamed tissues
agranulocytes
group of leukocytes without granules in their nuclei
lymphocyte
agranulocytic leukocyte that is active in the process of immunity
What are the four lymphocytes?
T cells, B cells, NK cells, K-type cells
monocyte
agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection
platelets
thromobocytes; cell fragments in the blood essential for blood clotting (coagulation)
thymus
primary gland of lymphatic system, located within the mediastinum; helps maintain the body’s immune response by producing T lymphocytes
spleen
organ between stomach and diaphragm that filters out aging blood cells, removes cellular debris by performing phagocytosis, and provides the environment for the initiation of immune responses by lymphocytes
lymph
fluid originating in the organs and tissues of the body that is circulated through the lymph vessels
lymph capillaries
microscopic vessels that draw lymph from the tissues to the lymph vessels
lymph vessels
vessels that receive lymph from the lymph capillaries and circulate it to the lymph nodes
lacteals
specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine the absorb fat into the bloodstream
chyle
white or pale yellow substance of the lymph that contains fatty substances absorbed by the lacteals
lymph nodes
many small oval structures that filter the lymph received from the lymph vessels - major locations include the cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions
lymph ducts
collecting channels that carry lymph from the lymph nodes to the veins
right lymphatic duct
receives lymph from the upper right part of the body
thoracic duct
receives lymph from the left sides of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm, and lower extremities
antigen
substance that, when introduced ingot he body, causes the formation of antibodies against it
antibody
substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body
immunoglobulins (Ig)
protein antibodies secreted by B lymphocytes that protect the body from invasion of foreign pathogens
What are the five major immunoglobulins?
IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM
immunity
process of disease protection induced by exposure to an antigen
active immunity
immunity that protects the body against a future infection, as the result of antibodies that develop naturally after contracting an infection or artificially after administration of a vaccine
passive immunity
immunity resulting from antibodies that are conveyed naturally through the placenta to a fetus or artificially by injection of a serum containing antibodies
microcytosis
presence of small red blood cells
macrocytosis
presence of large red blood cells
anisocytosis
presence of red blood cells of unequal size
poikilocytosis
presence of large, irregularly shaped red blood cells
reticulocytosis
increase of immature erythrocytes in the blood
erythropenia
abnormally reduced number of red blood cells
lymphocytopenia
abnormally reduced number of lymphocytes
neutropenia
decrease in the number of neutrophils
pancytopenia
abnormally reduced number of all cellular components in the blood
hemolysis
breakdown of the red blood cell membrane
immunocompromised
impaired immunological defenses caused by an immunodeficiency disorder or therapy with immunosuppressive agents