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From Flashcardlet > Anatomy Chapter 6 - Axilla > Flashcards

Anatomy Chapter 6 - Axilla Flashcards

1
Q

What substance is plentiful in the axilla and why?

A

Plentiful fat for good insulation and protection of the extensive blood and nerve supply to the upper extremity

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2
Q

What is the superior border of the axilla?

A

Cervicoaxillary canal - first rib, clavicle, scapula

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3
Q

What is the inferior border of the axilla?

A

Axillary fascia

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4
Q

What is the lateral border of the axilla?

A

Intertubercular groove of the humerus

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5
Q

What is the medial border of the axilla?

A

Serratus anterior attached to ribs

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6
Q

What is the anterior border of the axilla?

A

Pectoralis major

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7
Q

What is the posterior border of the axilla?

A

Scapula and teres major

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8
Q

What is the major artery found in the axilla?

A

Axillary artery

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9
Q

What is the name of the artery that the axillary artery stems from, and where does the name change occur?

A

Subclavian artery turns into axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib

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10
Q

What artery stems from the axillary artery, and where does the name change occur?

A

Axillary artery turns into brachial artery at the inferior edge of trees major

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11
Q

How many segments does the axillary artery have?

A

3

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12
Q

How many branches does the first part of the axillary artery have? 2nd? 3rd?

A

First has one branch
Second has two branches
Third has three branches

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13
Q

What is the branch of the first part of the axillary artery?

A

Superior thoracic

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14
Q

What are the two branches of the second part of the axillary artery?

A

Thoracoacromial trunk

Lateral thoracic

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15
Q

What are the branches of the thoracoacromial trunk?

A

DCPA - deltoid, clavicle, pectoral, acromion

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16
Q

What are arteries named after?

A

They are named for their target - deltoid branch is named because it supplies the deltoid, not necessarily because it is located there

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17
Q

What are the three branches of the third part of the axillary artery?

A

Subscapular
Humeral circumflex anterior
Humeral circumflex posterior

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18
Q

What is the largest branch of the axillary artery?

A

Subscapular

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19
Q

What is the function of anastomoses?

A

Redundancy in blood supply

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20
Q

What areas of the body are full of anastomoses?

A

All major joints, intestine, and brain - if injury, tissues still have blood supply

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21
Q

What are the four scapular anastomoses?

A

Suprascapular
Dorsal scapular
Posterior intercostals
Circumflex scapular artery

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22
Q

What does the sub scapular artery supply?

A

Rotator cuff

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23
Q

What does the dorsal scapular artery look like?

A

It forms a network

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24
Q

What do the posterior intercostals supply?

A

Segmental arteries to the spinal cord

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25
Q

Which two scapular anastomoses have connections to each other?

A

Subscapular and circumflex scapular artery

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26
Q

What do the scapular anastomoses do if there is a blockage somewhere?

A

They are able to reverse their paths in order to perfuse the blocked area on either side

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27
Q

What two veins form the axillary vein?

A

Brachial and basilic veins

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28
Q

Where is the name change into the axillary vein?

A

The inferior border of the trees major

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29
Q

What does the axillary vein become?

A

Subclavian vein

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30
Q

Where is the name change from the axillary vein to the subclavian?

A

Lateral border of the first rib

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31
Q

What are the five axillary lymph nodes?

A 
Humeral
Pectoral
Scapular
Central
Apical
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32
Q

What is the anterior axillary lymph node?

A

Pectoral

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33
Q

What is the posterior axillary lymph node?

A

Subscapular

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34
Q

What is the lateral (middle) axillary lymph node?

A

Humeral

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35
Q

Where do the humeral, pectoral, and scapular lymph nodes drain into?

A

Central lymph nodes

36
Q

Where do the central lymph nodes drain into?

A

Apical

37
Q

What do the apical lymph nodes join to form?

A

Unite to form the subclavian lymphatic trunk

38
Q

Where does the subclavian lymphatic trunk drain to?

A

Right lymphatic or thoracic ducts

39
Q

Why is the location of different lymph nodes clinically important?

A

Knowledge of arrangement helps determine areas of metastasis after lymph node dissection in breast cancer, etc

40
Q

Where does the axillary vein lie in respect to the axillary artery?

A

Axillary vein lies anterior and inferior to the axillary artery

41
Q

Where is the central line usually placed?

A

Right or left subclavian vein

42
Q

Where do you put your fingers to place a central line?

A

Place the thumb on the middle part of the clavicle, index finger on the jugular notch
Needle punctures skin inferior to the thumb and advanced medially toward the tip of the index finger until it enters the venous angle

43
Q

What group of lymph nodes is usually the first to be involved with lymphangitis?

A

Humeral group

44
Q

What signs and symptoms present with lymphangitis?

A

Axillary nodes enlarge and become tender and inflamed; warm, red, tender streaks in the skin of the limb

45
Q

What are the roots of the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

46
Q

What are the trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

Superior, middle, inferior

47
Q

What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

Each trunk divides into anterior and posterior

48
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral, posterior, medial

49
Q

What are the terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

A 
Musculocutaneous
Median (lateral and medial roots)
Axillary
Radial
Ulnar
50
Q

Is the brachial plexus made of anterior or posterior rami?

A

Anterior rami

51
Q

What is the most important structures of the brachial plexus?

A

Individual fibers of the nerves - they split into different branches

52
Q

What is the bone that mostly protects the brachial plexus?

A

Clavicle

53
Q

Where does the brachial plexus divide? What are the areas above and below?

A

Roots and trunks are superior to the clavicle
Cords and branches are inferior to the clavicle
Divisions are located just below the clavicle

54
Q

What roots make up the superior trunk?

A

C5 and C6

55
Q

What roots make up the middle trunk?

A

C7

56
Q

What roots make up the inferior trunk?

A

C8 and T1

57
Q

What does each trunk divide into?

A

Anterior and posterior branches

58
Q

What divisions make up the lateral cord?

A

Anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks

59
Q

What divisions make up the posterior cord?

A

Posterior divisions of the superior, middle, and inferior trunks

60
Q

What divisions make up the medial cord?

A

Anterior division of the inferior trunk

61
Q

What does the lateral cord branch into?

A 
Musculocutaneous
Lateral root (that makes up the median branch)
62
Q

What does the posterior cord branch into?

A

Radial and axillary branches

63
Q

What does the medial cord branch into?

A 
Ulnar
Medial root (that makes up the median branch)
64
Q

What roots make up the long thoracic nerve?

A

C5, C6, C7

65
Q

Where does the dorsal scapular nerve stem from?

A

C5 root

66
Q

What branches stem from the superior trunk?

A

Suprascapular nerve and nerve to subclavius

67
Q

What are the four supraclavicular side branches?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve
Long thoracic nerve
Suprascapular nerve
Nerve to subclavius

68
Q

What are the three side branches off the posterior cord?

A

Upper, middle, and lower sub scapular nerves

69
Q

Which nerve does the thoracodorsal nerve stem from?

A

Middle sub scapular nerve becomes thoracodorsal

70
Q

What are the three side branches off the medial cord?

A

Medial pectoral
Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm

71
Q

What is the side branch off the lateral cord?

A

Lateral pectoral nerve

72
Q

What are the 7 infraclavicular side branches?

A 
Upper, middle, and lower sub scapular nerves
Medial pectoral
Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
Lateral pectoral nerve
73
Q

How do you know which divisions innervate the anterior and posterior areas of the arm?

A

Anterior branches innervate anterior arm, posterior branches innervate posterior arm

74
Q

How can you tell the difference between the axillary and radial nerve branches?

A

Radial is a continuation of the posterior cord

Axillary is smaller and branches off the posterior cord

75
Q

What do brachial plexus injuries affect?

A

Movements and cutaneous sensations in the upper limb

76
Q

What do the signs and symptoms of brachial plexus injuries depend on?

A

What part of the plexus was injured - upper versus lower brachial plexus injuries

77
Q

How can the roots of the brachial plexus be injured?

A

Avulsions, ripping, or tearing of the roots can result from forceful neck flexion, separating from the shoulder

78
Q

What is a common injury to the brachial plexus that results in separation of roots?

A

Child birth with large shoulders

79
Q

What are injuries to the superior parts of the plexus usually a result from?

A

Excessive increase in the angle between the neck and the shoulder

80
Q

What happens to the position of the limb with a superior part of the brachial plexus?

A

Limb hangs by the side in medial rotation with lack of abduction - waiter’s tip position, Erb Duchenne palsy

81
Q

What is Erb Duschenne palsy?

A

Paralysis of the muscles of the shoulder and arm supplied by C5 and C6

82
Q

What do inferior brachial plexus injuries usually result from?

A

Sudden pulling of the arm superiorly

83
Q

What is the type of paralysis resulting from lower plexus injury?

A

Klumpke paralysis

84
Q

What is the characteristic of Klumpke plexus?

A

Clow hand - 4/5th fingers stay extended when making a fist

85
Q

What characteristic results from median nerve paralysis?

A

Hand of benediction - 1,2,3rd fingers stay extended

86
Q

Practice drawing brachial plexus!

A

AHHHH

From Flashcardlet (133 decks)

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