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From Flashcardlet > 2 A&P II Chapter 27 Reproductive Part II > Flashcards

2 A&P II Chapter 27 Reproductive Part II Flashcards

1
Q

What is prostatic fluid made of?

A

Citric acid
Seminal plasmin
PSA

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2
Q

What is seminal plasmin?

A

Antibiotic

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3
Q

What is PSA?

A

Prostate specific antigen - enzyme to liquefy semen following ejaculation

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4
Q

What is another name for bulbourethral glands?

A

Cowper’s glands

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5
Q

Where do the Cowper’s glands lie within the pelvis?

A

Urogenital diaphragm

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6
Q

What do the Cowper’s glands do?

A

Produce thick, clear mucous

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7
Q

What does the mucous from the Cowper’s glands do?

A

Some drains into penile urethra, lubricating glands penis during sexual excitement
Neutralizes acidic urine traces
Lubricates urethra prior to ejaculation

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8
Q

Where do the Cowper’s glands terminate?

A

Urethra

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9
Q

How many sperm are in an ejaculate?

A

200-500 million sperm

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10
Q

What is the average travel time for semen from the testis to ejaculate?

A

2 weeks

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11
Q

What three substances make up semen?

A

Sperm
Testicular fluid
Accessory gland secretions

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12
Q

What are the functions of semen?

A

Provides transport medium and nutrients

Contains chemicals to protect and activate sperm and facilitate their movement

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13
Q

What substance is located in semen to nourish sperm?

A

Fructose

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14
Q

What do the prostaglandins in semen do?

A

Decrease viscosiy of cervical mucous

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15
Q

What does relaxin in semen do?

A

Increase sperm motility

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16
Q

What are clotting factors in semen for?

A

They coagulate semen after ejaculation to make sperm stick to walls of vagina preventing them from draining out

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17
Q

What is fibrinolysin for in semen?

A

Liquefies the coagulated mass in vagina allowing sperm to swim out

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18
Q

What is the pH of semen?

A

Alkaline

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19
Q

What happens to sperm in an acidic environment?

A

Sperm are sluggish

20
Q

Why is semen alkaline?

A

To neutralize acidic male urethra and female vagina

21
Q

What are the two phases of male sexual response?

A

Erection and ejaculation

22
Q

What is erection?

A

Enlargement and stiffening of penis, resulting from engorgement of erectile bodies with blood

23
Q

What happens to the blood supply to the penis when not sexually aroused?

A

Arterioles supplying the erectile tissue are constricted and the peis is flaccid

24
Q

What ANS system is triggered when sexual excitement occurs?

A

Parasympathetic

25
Q

What does the parasympathetic system do during sexual excitement?

A

Triggers release of nitric oxide, relaxing smooth muscle, dilating arterioles and erectile bodies fill with blood

26
Q

What happens with the expansion of the corpora cavernosa?

A

Compression of drainage veins, slowing blood outflow and maintaining enforgement

27
Q

What does the spongiosa do during ejaculation?

A

Keeps urethra open

28
Q

What does the parasympathetic also innervate?

A

Bulbourethral glands

29
Q

How long can sperm survive in the female reproductive tract?

A

48 hours

30
Q

What is ejaculation?

A

Propulsion of semen from the male ducts

31
Q

What system innervates ejaculation?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

32
Q

What spinal levels does the sympathetic innervation for ejaculation occur from?

A

L1 and L2

33
Q

What are the three things that happen during ejaculation?

A
  1. Bladder sphincter muscle constricts
  2. Reproductive ducts and accessory glands contract emptying contents into urethra
  3. Semen in urethra initiates spinal reflex, propelling semen from urethra
34
Q

What speed does semen exit the urethra at?

A

500 cm/sec

35
Q

What systemic changes occur during ejaculation?

A

General muscle contraction
Rapid HR
Increased BP

36
Q

What is the entire ejaculatory event called?

A

Climax or organsm

37
Q

What is the orgasm followed by?

A

Resolution

38
Q

What is resolution?

A

A period of muscular and psychological relaxation

39
Q

How does the penis become flaccid again?

A

Activity of sympathetic system constricts the internal pudenal arteries reducing blood flow into penis and activates small muscles squeezing the cavernous bodies, forcing blood from penis and causing it to become flaccid

40
Q

What is the latent or refractory period?

A

Where a man can’t have another orgasm for minutes to hours

41
Q

What happens to the latent period with age?

A

The refractory period lengthens with age

42
Q

What is the bulb?

A

Attaches to penis to bulbospongiosus muscle

43
Q

What is the crus?

A

Ataches penis to pubic bone

44
Q

What is the body?

A

The shaft

45
Q

Where are the corpus cavernosa?

A

Dorsolateral

46
Q

What is the corpus spongiosum?

A

Midline inferior to cavernosa

47
Q

What do the erectile bodies do to maintain an erection?

A

Compress blood vessels so the blood cannot exit the penis

From Flashcardlet (133 decks)

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