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From Flashcardlet > 2 A&P II Lab Exercise 5 > Flashcards

2 A&P II Lab Exercise 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the progression of lymph vessels in size?

A

Lymph capillaries, vessels, trunks, ducts

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2
Q

What are the two ducts?

A

Thoracic duct, Right lymphatic duct

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3
Q

What happens in the ducts?

A

Lymph is returned to the blood of the subclavian veins

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4
Q

Where is lymphatic tissue located?

A 
Lymph nodes
Tonsils
Spleen
Thymus
Walls of the alimentary canal
Bone marrow
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5
Q

What do lymphatic tissues consist of?

A

Reticular fibers and large numbers of lymphocytes and macrophages

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6
Q

How does the lymphatic system play a transporting role?

A

It maintains interstitial fluid balance

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7
Q

How does the lymphatic system play a role in filtration?

A

As it carries lymph to the blood, foreign matters like bacteria and debris are removed

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8
Q

Where does filtration occur?

A

In the lymph nodes

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9
Q

What do lymphatic tissues produce?

A

Lymphocytes

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10
Q

What are the two key roles of lymphocytes?

A

Recognition of antigens and initiation of the immune response

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11
Q

What is lymphedema?

A

When fluid accumulates in the interstitial space as a result of an occluded or damaged lymphatic vessel, causing inflammation

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12
Q

What might causes lymphedema?

A

Removal of lymphatic vessels or nodes

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13
Q

What is the largest duct?

A

Thoracic duct

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14
Q

What drains into the right lymphatic duct?

A

Right side of head, neck, chest, and upper limb

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15
Q

What is chyla?

A

Lymphatic fluid

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16
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct return fluid to the blood?

A

RIght subclavian vein

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17
Q

Where does the thoracic duct return fluid to the blood?

A

Left subclavian vein

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18
Q

Where are nodes found?

A
  1. Submaxillary
  2. Cervical
  3. Axillary
  4. Superficial inguinal
  5. Deep inguinal
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19
Q

What are submaxillary nodes associated with?

A

Draining nasal cavity

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20
Q

What are cervical nodes associated with?

A

Draining the skin and face

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21
Q

What are the axillary nodes associated with?

A

Draining the upper limbs, mammary glands, and thorax wall

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22
Q

What are the superficial inguinal nodes associated with?

A

Draining external genitalia

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23
Q

What are the deep inguinal nodes associated with?

A

Draining lower abdominal wall and lower limbs

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24
Q

What is the hilum?

A

Indented part of a bean shaped node, blood vessels and nerves enter here, efferent lymphatic vessels leave

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25
Q

What is the capsule?

A

Consists of fibrous CT, encloses the node

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26
Q

What is the traneculae?

A

Extensions of the capsule, divide the node into compartments

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27
Q

What are follicles?

A

Masses of actively dividing macrophages and lymphocytes (germinal centers)

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28
Q

What are lymph sinuses?

A

Spaces in the node through which lymph circulates

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29
Q

What is an afferent lymphatic vessel?

A

Vessel through which lymph enters a node

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30
Q

What is an efferent lymphatic vessel?

A

Vessel through which lymph exits a node

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31
Q

What is the largest of the lymphatic vessels?

A

Spleen

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32
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A

Beneath the diaphragm and behind the greater curvature of the stomach

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33
Q

What is the spleen’s primary function?

A

Filter blood (not lymph)

34
Q

What is the primary blood supply to the spleen?

A

Splenic artery, which branches off the celiac trunk

35
Q

What are the sinuses of the spleen called and why?

A

Venous sinuses because they are full of blood

36
Q

What is white pulp?

A

Nodules of lymphocytes and macrophages, stains dark but named for its high concentration of white blood cells

37
Q

What is red pulp?

A

Fills the remaining spaces and surrounds the venus sinuses, containing red blood cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages. (Red pulp is pink because it has high concentration of RBCs)

38
Q

How many lobes does the thymus have?

A

Two

39
Q

Where is the thymus located?

A

Behind the sternum

40
Q

When is the thymus prominent?

A

In infants and children

41
Q

When does the thymus stop growing?

A

Adolescence

42
Q

What is the lymphatic tissue in the thymus eventually replaced by with age?

A

Adipose and fibrous connective tissues

43
Q

How does the thymus differ from other lymphatic organs?

A

It does not actively fight infection but serves as an area for the maturation of T cells

44
Q

What kind of cells are found in the thymus that help T cells?

A

Thymocytes

45
Q

What are thymocytes?

A

Secrete thymosin, one of the hormones that make T cells immunocompetent and able to recognize specific antigens

46
Q

What is a tonsil?

A

Partially encapsulated masses of lymphoid tissue

47
Q

What is a crypt?

A

The epithelium covering forming deep invaginations on tonsils, creating a trap for bacteria

48
Q

Where are palatine tonsils?

A

Found on EACH SIDE of the oral pharynx

49
Q

Where are lingual tonsils?

A

PAIRED at the base of the tongue

50
Q

Where are the pharyngeal tonsils?

A

Posterior wall of the nasopharynx

51
Q

What is the largest tonsil?

A

Palatine

52
Q

What is another name for adenoids?

A

Pharyngeal tonsils

53
Q

Which tonsils are most often infected?

A

Palatine

54
Q

Where are Peyer’s patches found?

A

Follicles of lymphocytes in the distal part of the small intestine

55
Q

What do Peyer’s patches do?

A

As the contents of the digestive tract are absorbed through the intestinal mucosa, they permit immunological surveying of what has entered the body

56
Q

What is myeloid tissue?

A

The site of lymphocyte production

57
Q

What do B cells produce?

A

Plasma cells

58
Q

What are plasma cells?

A

Responsible for antibody production

59
Q

1

A

Pharyngeal tonsil

60
Q

2

A

Palatine tonsil

61
Q

3

A

Lingual tonsil

62
Q

4

A

Thymus

63
Q

5

A

Afferent vessel

64
Q

6

A

Cortex

65
Q

7

A

Follicle or Nodule

66
Q

8

A

Germinal center

67
Q

9

A

Medulla

68
Q

10

A

Efferent vessel

69
Q

11

A

Capsule

70
Q

12

A

Trabeculae

71
Q

13

A

Hilum

72
Q

14

A

Right internal jugular vein

73
Q

15

A

Right subclavian vein

74
Q

16

A

Right lymphatic duct

75
Q

17

A

Thymus

76
Q

18

A

Cisterna chyli

77
Q

19

A

Peyer’s Patch

78
Q

20

A

Spleen

79
Q

21

A

Left subclavian vein

80
Q

22

A

Left internal jugular vein

81
Q

23

A

Thoracic duct

82
Q

24

A

Thoracic duct

From Flashcardlet (133 decks)

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