Flashcards in 2012 eastern nationals Deck (358):
1
Question
Answer
2
What is the name for the famous Thoroughbred horse that was referred to as the original ?Big Red??
A. Man-O-War
3
What slang term refers to a racing stable employee who walks a hot horse after a race or workout?
A. Hot walker
4
What term refers to the right side of the horse?
Off side or far side
5
Q. Which gait is commonly referred to as the ?plantation gait??
A. Running walk
6
Q. Healthy horses usually have what body condition score?
A. 4 to 6 (accept anything within that range)
7
6. C2 Q. What type of equipment is described as a cross between a cavesson and a figure eight noseband?
A. Flash noseband
8
7. C3 Q. What is the result of breeding a donkey and a stallion?
A. Hinny
9
8. C4 Q. What current breed was formerly known as the ?Palouse horse??
A. Appaloosa
10
9. C1 Q. In general what does the prefix ?hepato? indicate?
A. Condition related to the liver
11
10. C2 Q. What is the common term for the behavior referred to as dominance hierarchy?
A. Pecking order
12
11. C3 Q. A grain that has been processed by rolling the kernels between corrugated rollers would be described as what type of processing?
A. Crimped or crimping
13
12. C4 Q. What type of knot forms the eye of the lariat that the rope passes through to form a loop?
A. Honda
14
13. Q. What type of Western saddle is being described? It usually has no horn; its most notable feature is the high ?thigh rolls? located near the front of the saddle and it is often used for trail riding.
A. Australian saddle
15
14. Q. The withers, back, coupling and croup are collectively referred to by what conformation term?
A. Top line
16
15. Q. Identify two types of teeth that would be present at birth or erupt within the first 2 weeks of life.
A. Deciduous central incisors and premolars (must specify central incisors but do not need to include deciduous in answer)
17
16. Q. Identify two general physiological processes in the horse that are affected by the length of daylight.
A. Hair coat; female reproduction (estrous cycles); male reproduction (testosterone production, sperm production)
18
17. Q. What term refers to the feces of a foal and is described as a yellow pasty material indicating that the meconium has been passed?
A. Milk feces
19
18. Q. What breed of horse is described as a combination of any breeds that are not 100% hot-blood or 100% cold-blood?
A. Warmblood
20
19. Q. You are an equine construction specialist and are preparing a site for a new barn. In regards to topography, what would be your recommendation for grading the soil to facilitate proper drainage and prevent erosion?
A. Slope of 2 to 6 percent
21
20. Q. The ingestion of which two plants would result in the condition nigropallidal encephalomalacia?
A. Yellow Star Thistle (Centaurea solstitialis) and Russian Knapweed (Centaurea repens)
22
21. Q. A spavin is a disease of the hock joint. What are the four different types of spavins?
A. Blind spavin (occult spavin), Bone spavin (true spavin or jack spavin), Blood spavin and Bog spavin
23
22. Q. What is the name of the person who looks after the horses on a trail ride?
A. Wrangler
24
23. Q. Which current breed of horse was previously known as a Golden Isabella?
A. Palomino
25
24. Q. Which internal parasite larvae cause the skin lesions known as ?summer sores??
A. Stomach worms (Habronema)
26
25. Q. Describe a four-in-hand hitch.
A. Two pairs with one pair in front of the other
27
26. Q. What are the three basic types of forward seat saddles?
A. All purpose, close contact (also accept jumping) and dressage
28
27. Q. Identify four general reasons why a horse may refuse a feed.
A. Illness or disease Overfeeding, insufficient water, something is wrong with feed, dental problems, sore tounge or mouth, not familiar with food, horse is stressed
29
A. Illness or disease Overfeeding
Insufficient water Something is wrong with the feed
30
28. Q. Which nerve is responsible for motor control of the eyelid, ear and facial muscles?
A. Facial nerve
31
29. Q. You are completing a cross country race and are approaching a brush fence with a white flag on the right side of the obstacle. What does this indicate?
A. You are approaching the fence from the wrong direction (the white flag should be on the left side of the obstacle)
32
30. Q. Lethal white foal syndrome is a genetic lethal associated with which specific color pattern?
A. Frame overo (must specify ?frame? overo)
33
31. Q. What breed is a result of crossing an Arabian and American Saddlebred horse?
A. National Show Horse
34
32. Q. In regards to evolution, which ancestor of the horse was the first to have the 2 side toes transformed into splint bones?
A. Pliohippus
35
1. C1 Q. What term describes a splotch of dark color on a base coat color?
A. ?Blood mark?
36
2. C2 Q. What anatomical structure receives oxygenated blood from the left gastric artery?
A. Stomach
37
3. C3 Q. What is the second race in the Triple Crown for 3 year old Thoroughbreds?
A. Preakness
38
4. C4 Q. What canine-related phrase is a slang term for a horse that is weak in its coupling and shallow in the flank?
A. Hound-gutted
39
5. C1 Q. Winging-in is associated with what conformation defect?
A. Splay footed (toed-out)
40
6. C2 Q. Vesicular stomatitis is a viral disease that results in the formation of vesicles in the mouth and on the lips, hooves and teats. What is a vesicle?
A. Fluid filled sac (blister)
41
7. C3 Q. Green forage is an important source of which essential vitamin?
A. Vitamin A
42
8. C4 Q. Which type of bit may be used as a snaffle or a curb and is commonly used on heavy harness or plow horses?
A. Liverpool bit
43
9. C1 Q. In general, what type of fencing is considered to have the longest life expectancy?
A. PVC (vinyl)
44
10. C2 Q. A thin protrusion of metal on the ground surface of the toe of a racing plate is known as what shoe alteration
A. Toe grab (toe grip)
45
11. C3 Q. Which endocrine gland is responsible for the maintenance of calcium levels in the blood?
A. Parathyroid (also accept thyroid due to the hormone calcitonin)
46
12. C4 Q. Who is the foundation sire for the American Albino?
A. Old King
47
13. Q. For what length of time are sperm viable in the reproductive tract of the mare?
A. 48 to 72 hours (accept anything within that range)
48
14. Q. What sensory deficit is exhibited in Belgian horses with the genetic condition aniridia?
A. Sight (also accept blindness although aniridia does not always cause blindness)
49
15. Q. Identify two other terms for the blemish commonly referred to as mud fever.
A. Grease, grease heel, scratches, cracked heel
50
16. Q. Describe three methods that can be used to help establish a patent or effective airway for a foal that is not breathing after delivery.
A. Clear and remove fetal membranes from over nostrils, place foal on sternum (head outstreached with rear end elevated), gently remove fluid from nostrils with fingers, tickle inside of nose to induce sneezing, suction fluids from mouth using a bulb syringe, rub with towels.
51
A. Clear and remove fetal membranes from over nostrils
Place foal on sternum (head outstretched with rear end elevated)
52
17. Q. In general, you should graze horses when forages are 6-8 inches high. What type of forage is an exception to this rule?
A. Kentucky bluegrass or White clover (ladino) (can be grazed at 4 inches)
53
18. Q. You are the conditioning veterinarian judge for an endurance trail ride. What condition would these vital signs indicate? Temperature 102 degrees, heart rate 80 beats/minute and respirations 100 breaths per minute.
A. Inversion (respiratory rate higher than the pulse rate)
54
19. Q. A caudal epidural anesthetic would result in numbness in what areas of the horse?
A. Hind legs (also accept pelvic and groin regions)
55
20. Q. Other than salt, identify two other minerals that would be found in trace mineralized salt.
A. Manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, iodine or zinc
56
21. Q. What specific color would be the result of a single dilution of the following three colors with the dominant dun dilution gene?black, bay and chestnut?
A. Black ? grullo; bay-zebra dun, chestnut - red dun
57
22. Q. What is the correct category for the behavior described as contagious or infectious behavior?
A. Allelomimetic
58
23. Q. What type of bar shoe would be used for a horse with navicular disease?
A. Egg bar (do not accept heart bar)
59
24. Q. What is the common term for the disease Borreliosis?
A. Lyme Disease
60
25. Q. What mineral is essential for the synthesis of vitamin B12?
A. Cobalt
61
26. Q. Which two parasites are most common in foals up to 6 months old?
A. Roundworms (parascaris equorum), threadworms (strogyloides westeri)
62
27. Q. From distal to proximal identify the three parts of the small intestine.
A. Ileum, jejunum and duodenum
63
28. Q. Plant poisoning from consumption of Milkweed would be treated as what type of sudden death poisoning?
A. Cardiac (cardiac glycoside) sudden death poisoning
64
29. Q. What term refers to the team of horses behind the lead team in an 8-horse hitch?
A. Point team
65
30. Q. Your horse sustained a laceration and has bright red blood spurting from the wound. What would be your initial action to control the bleeding?
A. Direct pressure to the wound
66
31. Q. Which farrier tool would be used to correct a flare?
A. Rasp
67
32. Q. What breed was developed by the east coast Indians?
A. Chickasaw
68
1. C1 Q. What type of joint is an enarthrosis?
A. Ball and socket
69
2. C2 Q. What term refers to the 7 « or 8 minute time period in a polo match?
A. Chukka (also accept chukker)
70
3. C3 Q. In general, what does the prefix ?cysto? refer to?
A. Bladder
71
4. C4 Q. Which type of pack saddle is rigged for a double cinch?
A. Crossbuck (sawbuck)
72
5. C1 Q. What type of shoe would be a good choice for a horse that needs temporary shoe protection until the hooves can grow out enough to handle nailing a shoe in place?
A. Glue-on shoe
73
6. C2 Q. What is the scientific name for the common horse bot?
A. Gastrophilus intestinalis
74
7. C3 Q. Blood is pulled from the peripheral circulation to the internal vital organs in a horse with shock. How would this physiological process affect the capillary refill time?
A. Delayed or slower capillary refill
75
8. C4 Q. Which type of melanin controls the expression of red and yellow pigment?
A. Pheomelanin
76
9. C1 Q. There are 5 walk gaits in a dressage test. Which of these would have a footfall pattern where the hind feet touch the ground behind the footprints of the forefeet?
A. Collected walk
77
10. C2 Q. Identify one of the breeds that the Tennessee Walking Horse was developed from.
A. Standardbred, Morgan or Narragansett pacer
78
11. C3 Q. A feed containing 10% crude protein and 15% crude fiber would be appropriate for what type of horse?
A. Mature idle horse or horse with minimal work
79
12. C4 Q. Thrombocytes are commonly referred to as what type of blood cells?
A. Platelets
80
13. Q. You do the math?How many furlongs is a 1 « mile race?
A. 12 furlongs (1 furlong equals 1/8 mile)
81
14. Q. What are you doing if you are fuzztail running?
A. Herding and catching wild horses
82
15. Q. Identify the three ?rough stock? events at a rodeo.
A. Saddle bronc riding, bareback riding and bull riding
83
16. Q. Identify three of the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary.
A. Growth hormone (GH) Adrenocortocotropin (ACTH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Follice stimulating hormone (FSH) Thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone TSH), Prolactin
84
A. Growth hormone (GH) Adrenocortocotropin (ACTH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
85
17. Q. What term refers to the mounted horseman who rode on the outside of a stagecoach for protection from bandits?
A. Outrider
86
18. Q. In general, what does the prefix ?leuko? refer to?
A. White blood cells
87
19. Q. What type of negative reinforcement would be demonstrated by a horse moving away from pressure to avoid a more severe pressure?
A. Avoidance
88
20. Q. (Two Part) In regards to maturity, what is the term that describes the optimal growth stage for harvesting legumes and what is the optimal growth stage for harvesting grasses?
A. Legumes ? bud or vegetative stage (just prior to when the legumes flower); Grasses ? early or boot stage (when grasses begin to show heads through the sheath)
89
21. Q. Premature separation of the placenta during parturition resulting in hypoxia is a known cause for neonatal maladjustment syndrome. Identify three terms used to describe these foal as they progress through the stages of this disorder.
A. Wanderer, dummy, convulsive or barker foal
90
22. Q. The process that uses intense cold to destroy the pigments cells of the skin and that is used for identification of livestock is known as what procedure?
A. Freeze branding
91
23. Q. What is the specific location of the metatarsalphalangeal joint?
A. Hind fetlock joint (must specify hind for correct answer) (may also accept hind ankle or hind ankle joint)
92
24. Q. When looking at the feed tag for the concentrate you are currently feeding you notice the abbreviation GRAS. What does GRAS indicate?
A. Generally Recognized as Safe (safe for animal consumption)
93
25. Q. During the past 6 months horses across the United States were more likely to ingest poisonous plants due to what predominant weather condition?
A. Drought conditions
94
26. Q. (Two Part) What is the primary function of FSH in the mare and what is the primary function in the stallion?
A. Mare ? stimulates growth of follicles in the ovaries
95
27. Q. Stainless steel is the most common material bits are made from. Identify four other materials bits are made from.
A. German silver, solid nickel (or Never Rust), copper, aluminum, rubber, vulcanite or happy mouth
96
28. Q. What is the main physiological function of erythrocytes?
A. Transport oxygen in the blood
97
29. Q. What is the only draft horse breed recognized as originating in the United States?
A. American Cream
98
30. Q. If hay is stored above stalls, the bales of hay should be at least how far from the outside walls to allow hot, moist air to escape?
A. At least 12 inches
99
31. Q. What is the common term for the external parasite of the tabanids species?
A. Horse fly
100
32. Q. In general, in regards to the horse, what designates a fall?
A. When both the shoulder and quarter (hip area) on the same side touch the ground
101
1. C1 Q. What color dilution is often referred to as type B albino?
A. Perlino
102
2. C2 Q. Touching the saddle with a free hand is referred to by the slang term ?pulling leather? and is a disqualification in what rodeo event?
A. Saddle bronc riding
103
3. C3 Q. What term refers to the female side of the pedigree?
A. Distaff side (also accept dam side)
104
4. C4 Q. What type of sudden death poisoning would be the result of ingestion of water hemlock?
A. Alkaloid sudden death
105
5. C1 Q. What anatomical structure in the horse is described as a diverticulum of the auditory tube?
A. Guttural pouch
106
6. C2 Q. What is the difference between a roached mane and a hogged mane?
A. Hogged mane is clipped to a length of no more than 3 inches; roached mane is clipped close to the skin (less than 3 inches)
107
7. C3 Q. When fox hunting, what does the cry holloa indicate?
A. The fox has been sighted
108
8. C4 Q. In general, what does the suffix ?itis? indicate?
A. Inflammation
109
9. C1 Q. What is unique in the horse in regards to respiratory frequency and stride frequency, especially at the gallop?
A. 1:1 ratio (respiratory rate equals number of strides)
110
10. C2 Q. What specific term refers to the prophylactic surgical procedure that would be used for a pregnant broodmare with pneumovagina?
A. Caslick?s
111
11. C3 Q. What is the diploid number of chromosomes for a donkey?
A. 62 diploid chromosomes
112
12. C4 Q. What phase of the stride occurs when all 4 feet are off the ground?
A. Period of suspension
113
13. Q. What term refers to bursts of white on a gray coat color?
A. Rosettes
114
14. Q. What would be the general location of the manubrium and xiphoid process?
A. Sternum
115
15. Q. Identify two specific types of parasites that would cause pruritis ani.
A. Pinworms (oxyuris equi), tail mane mite (chorioptes equi), biting louse (damalina equi)
116
16. Q. Identify three of the four breeds that the Paso Fino breed was developed from.
A. Andalusian, Barb, Spanish Jennet and Friesian
117
17. Q. A broodmare whose foal is in a ?flexed capri? position would need what problem corrected to enable normal vaginal delivery?
A. Knees are bent, so the foal would need repositioned and the front legs straightened into normal position for delivery
118
18. Q. What type of electric fence is considered to be safer because it is more visible and less injurious to the horse?
A. Electric tape
119
19. Q. What is the term for the Australian game on horseback that is based on polo and lacrosse?
A. Polo crosse
120
20. Q. Identify the three general types of clinchers or clinching tongs.
A. Saddle horse, gooseneck and draft horse
121
21. Q. Identify six of the macro-minerals required by the horse.
A. Calcium Sodium, phosphorus chloride, potassium magnesium, sulfur
122
22. Q. In general, what does the prefix ?desmo? indicate?
A. Ligament
123
23. Q. What type of bit is non-allergic?
A. Happy Mouth
124
24. Q. There are 2 viruses that cause Rhinopneumonitis. Which of these can result in respiratory and neurologic symptoms as well as abortion in pregnant mares?
A. EHV-1 (Equine Herpes Virus 1)
125
25. Q. You do the math? If the cardiac output is 35 liters and the heart rate is 35 beats per minute?What is the stroke volume?
A. 1 liter
126
26. Q. In general, for successful ejaculation of the stallion, an artificial vagina must provide what two physical characteristics ?
A. Must provide warmth and pressure
127
27. Q. Your job at a breeding farm is management of the pregnant broodmares. Identify four management practices you follow in regards to herd management to prevent an abortion storm.
A. Isolate all new arrivals for at least 21 days, keep pregnant mares separated from weanlings and other horses, do not mix maiden mares with older mares, divide pregnant mares into small groups by stage of pregnancy, keep mares in a group until all have foaled, if pregnant mares are moved off the farm and later return-do not reintroduce them into the original group, if a foster mare is introduced do not place her in a group with other mares, maintain all pregnant mares on a vaccination program
128
A. Isolate all new arrivals for at least 21 days
Keep pregnant mares separated from weanlings and other horses
129
28. Q. What hormone is primarily responsible for diestrus?
A. Progesterone
130
29. Q. What is the common term for the tuber coxae?
A. Hip
131
30. Q. Sidebones are a condition associated with ossification of the collateral (or lateral) cartilages. What term refers to the condition that occurs when the collateral cartilages become infected?
A. Quittor
132
31. Q. Which contains more crude fiber ? complete feeds or long stem hay?
A. Long stem hay
133
A. Long stem hay
S. HIH 741-1 780/3
134
32. Q. Identify two different medical terms for the condition commonly referred to as moon blindness?
A. Periodic opthalmia, recurrent uveitis
135
1. C1 Q. At what age are all of the permanent incisors in place?
A. 4 « years
136
2. C2 Q. What two criteria determine the winner of an ?against the clock? jumping competition?
A. The rider with the fastest time and the fewest faults
137
3. C3 Q. What breed is being described? Dun color with a dorsal stripe and black mane and tail. Breed that has survived since the Ice Age and originated in Mongolia.
A. Asiatic Wild Horse (also accept Mongolian Wild Horse and Przewalski?s Horse)
138
4. C4 Q. Would the corium be considered to be part of the dermis or epidermis?
A. Dermis
139
5. C1 Q. The breeding of a sire with a daughter would be an example of what specific type of breeding?
A. Inbreeding (also accept close breeding) (do not accept linebreeding)
140
6. C2 Q. What two breeds were combined in the development of the Azteca?
A. Andalusian and Quarter Horse
141
7. C3 Q. In general, what does the prefix ?arthro? describe?
A. Joints
142
8. C4 Q. Would a feed with a 2% or 5% crude fiber have a higher digestible energy?
A. Feed with 2% crude fiber
143
9. C1 Q. What does the abbreviation PSSM indicate?
A. Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy
144
10. C2 Q. You recently purchased a new stallion for your breeding program. The previous owner stated that the stallion had a respiratory illness accompanied by a high fever 30 days ago. What impact would this have on the stallion?s fertility?
A. Would expect a lower sperm count for 65 days after the illness
145
11. C3 Q. A ?red bag delivery? is most commonly observed in mares that have been grazed on what type of pasture?
A. Fescue
146
12. C4 Q. You are the veterinarian on call and are examining a horse that sustained a laceration to the front lower leg sometime in the past 12 hours. There is no active bleeding from the wound. What would be the main reason to not suture this wound?
A. Suturing may increase the risk of infection due to elapsed time since injury (without the wound being properly cleaned)
147
13. Q. What is the purpose of a prophylactic medication?
A. To prevent an illness or disease
148
14. Q. What is the definitive host for Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis?
A. Opossum
149
15. Q. Which three types of western saddles would have a horn that is tall?
A. Barrel Racing, Roping and Cutting
150
16. Q. The permanent upper and lower teeth are located in what three bones?
A. Maxilla, mandible and incisive bone
151
17. Q. Based on research studies for initial re-feeding of the starved horse, the best approach is feeding what?
A. High quality alfalfa hay (frequent small amounts)
152
18. Q. What is the slang term for the main office of a rodeo where excuses and grievances are aired?
A. Crying room
153
19. Q. What is the main purpose of the close contact saddle?
A. Jumping
154
20. Q. Which two glands empty into the small intestine at the major duodenal papilla?
A. Liver (bile duct) and pancreas (pancreatic duct)
155
21. Q. Identify five advantages of maintaining horses on a well-managed pasture.
A. Reduces required supplemental deed (hay and/or grain), reduces nutrients from manure, exercise, reduces frequency of respiratory disease, maintains gastrointestinal health, aesthetically pleasing, increases grazing capacity, enhances water quality, socialization, decreases erosion
156
A. Reduces required supplemental deed (hay and/or grain)
Recycles nutrients from manure
157
22. Q. The orbatid mite is the intermediate host for which internal parasite?
A. Tapeworm
158
23. Q. What is the name for the radiopaque dye material given to a horse by mouth to outline the digestive tract on radiographs?
A. Barium
159
24. Q. Horses with recurrence of urinary calculi may benefit from feeding a diet that has less of what specific mineral?
A. Calcium
160
25. Q. What type of striding leg interference occurs when the toe of the forefoot strikes the hind leg at the pastern or fetlock?
A. Speedy cutting
161
26. Q. Which two criteria used to evaluate semen are not affected by the length of daylight or season of the year?
A. Morphology and motility
162
27. Q. The genetic conditions atresia coli and lethal white foal syndrome are both fatal conditions due to an inability to eliminate waste products from the intestines. In regards to anatomy, how do each of these conditions differ as to why the intestine does not function normally?
A. Atresia coli ? the lumen of the colon is not continuous and is described as severed Lethal white foal syndrome ? intestine does not empty correctly due to absence of nerves responsible for peristalsis in the intestines
163
28. Q. What is the slang term for a foal that is born with septicemia and is semi-comatose?
A. Sleeper or sleeper foal
164
29. Q. In what anatomical structure of the stallion are sperm stored and matured?
A. Epididymis
165
30. Q. What is a jerk line?
A. Single rein fastened to the brake handle of a carriage and run through the driver?s hand to the bit of the lead horse
166
31. Q. What would be the estimated age of a horse when the Galvayne?s groove extends to the wearing surface of the corner upper incisor?
A. 20 years
167
32. Q. Which external parasite usually feeds on the inside ear folds and may cause a horse to be head shy?
A. Black flies (?Buffalo gnats?)
168
1. C1 Q. What is the common name for the medication flunixin meglumine?
A. Banamine
169
2. C2 Q. In regards to physiology, why is the myometrium thicker around the left ventricle than it is around the other chambers of the heart?
A. The muscle around the left ventricle is thicker and stronger because it must contract with enough force to pump blood throughout the body
170
3. C3 Q. You are the manager at a Thoroughbred farm and will be breeding a 15.2 hand stallion to a 16.3 hand mare. What is your solution for dealing with the physical size difference?
A. Mare?s hind legs can be placed in a shallow depression or stand the stud on a hill or raised area (only need to give one answer) (do not accept option of AI or embryo transfer as these are not permitted with Thoroughbreds)
171
4. C4 Q. What term refers to supporting leg interference that results in an open wound?
A. Striking
172
5. C1 Q. What is the primary symptom of a horse that ingests wild onions?
A. Anemia
173
6. C2 Q. What type of grass provides the highest yield of hay-crop forage each year in the southern United States?
A. Bermuda grass
174
7. C3 Q. How quickly a horse?s heart rate decreases and returns to their resting heart rate is an indication of what?
A. Fitness of the horse (accept any answer that indicates this)
175
8. C4 Q. What is the common term for prognathia?
A. Monkey mouth (sow mouth)
176
9. C1 Q. What type of forage would be most appropriate for a horse with renal failure?
A. Grass forage (lower in protein, phosphorus and calcium)
177
10. C2 Q. What physical characteristic is described by the term micropthalmia?
A. Small eye
178
11. C3 Q. Evaluating a feed for aflatoxin-producing mold can be accomplished using ultraviolet light from what type of lamp?
A. Woods lamp
179
12. C4 Q. What general term refers to a horse that eats unnatural substances such as wood, hair or dirt?
A. Pica
180
13. Q. What glandular organ is located near the stomach and serves as a reservoir for red blood cells?
A. Spleen
181
14. Q. What is the recommended width of a gate that would be wide enough for hay equipment?
A. 16 feet
182
15. Q. Identify two problems that may occur when hay is baled with a moisture content greater than 20 percent.
A. Mold and heat (also spontaneous combustion)
183
16. Q. Jugging is the practice of administering a large quantity of a concentrated solution into the jugular vein. Identify three general types of nutrients or substances that would be included in this solution.
A. Amino acids , electrolytes, vitamins, glucose
184
17. Q. You are spending the day with a farrier. The farrier has 4 shoes that look identical set aside for the horse he is shoeing. He would like you to hand him a front shoe. How will you know which is a front shoe?
A. The front shoe would be more round (also accept wider at the heel)
185
18. Q. In general, what does the suffix ?emia? describe?
A. In the blood
186
19. Q. What are doing if you are ?drenching? a horse?
A. Pouring a liquid medication down the throat from a bottle
187
20. Q. Identify two of the organs that the celiac artery and its arterial branches supply with oxygenated blood.
A. Spleen, stomach and liver
188
21. Q. In regards to the stallion, identify four advantages for artificial insemination versus live cover breeding.
A. Prevent spread of venereal disease, able to breed injured/crippled stallions that are unable to mount a mare, eliminates injury to stallion from nervous, aggressive or shy mares, able to breed more mares per season, able to impregnate a mare located far away by shipping semen
189
22. Q. You do the math? You are judging a reining class and have indicated a total maneuver score of minus 1and a total penalty score of minus 3 «. What would be the final score for this competitor?
A. Score of 65 « points
190
23. Q. You are the on call veterinarian evaluating a horse with the following symptoms?Rapid and labored breathing, incoordination, dilated pupils, muscle tremors and dark cherry red mucous membranes. These symptoms would indicate what type of plant poisoning?
A. Cyanide poisoning
191
24. Q. The most common cause of spontaneous abortion is placental or uterine infections. Prior to the current widespread use of ultrasound, what accounted for about 25% of abortions and was considered to be the second most common cause?
A. Twinning
192
25. Q. What breed is being described? Noted for its speed and jumping ability although it can be stubborn. Able to withstand the severe weather in its country of origin which is Russia.
A. Akhal-Teke
193
26. Q. In regards to biosecurity identify three ways to diminish the possibility of transferring infective agents with your boots.
A. Disinfect boots using a spray disinfectant, disposable boots or boot covers, disinfect boots with a boot dip, change boots between farms and between dirty and clean areas
194
27. Q. What color would be the result of the silver dapple gene on the following three colors?black, bay and chestnut?
A. Black ? Blue silver or silver dapple; bay-red silver; chestnut-chestnut
195
28. Q. What is the scientific name for the stable fly?
A. Stomxys calcitrans
196
29. Q. When driving a horse and turning left?Which rein is the ?bearing rein??
A. Right rein (rein opposite the direction)
197
30. Q. In foxhunting, who hunts the hounds and is in charge of the kennels?
A. Huntsman
198
31. Q. In general, what does the suffix ?oma? describe?
A. Tumor (also accept cancer or neoplasm)
199
32. Q. The mating of imported draft stallions with native mares in Southern Pennsylvania produced what breed that eventually disappeared and never had a breed registry.
A. Conestoga horse
200
1. C1 Q. What is the correct term for the medication referred to by the slang term ?Ace??
A. Acetyl promazine (acepromazine)
201
2. C2 Q. The Tennessee Walking Horse was crossed with what other breed to develop the American Walking Pony?
A. Welsh Pony
202
3. C3 Q. The Chadwick spring provides constant outward pressure on the bars of the foot and would be used for what conformation defect of the hoof?
A. Contracted heels
203
4. C4 Q. In general, what type of muscling is preferred in all breeds?1.) thick, bulging muscle with definition, or 2.) long, clean, well-defined muscle?
A. Long, clean and well-defined
204
5. C1 Q. What anatomic structure is responsible for increasing absorption in the small intestine and is described as tiny, finger-like projections?
A. Villi
205
6. C2 Q. In what specific area of the uterus does the conceptus attach and the fetus develop in a normal horse pregnancy?
A. Uterine horn
206
7. C3 Q. The alkaloid slaframine would result in what symptom in horses grazing red clover affected with black patch?
A. Excessive salivation (slobbers)
207
27. Q. What color would be the result of the silver dapple gene on the following three colors?black, bay and chestnut?
A. Black ? Blue silver or silver dapple, Bay-Red Sliver, Chestnut - Chestnut
208
28. Q. What is the scientific name for the stable fly?
A. Stomxys calcitrans
209
29. Q. When driving a horse and turning left?Which rein is the ?bearing rein??
A. Right rein (rein opposite the direction)
210
30. Q. In foxhunting, who hunts the hounds and is in charge of the kennels?
A. Huntsman
211
31. Q. In general, what does the suffix ?oma? describe?
A. Tumor (also accept cancer or neoplasm)
212
32. Q. The mating of imported draft stallions with native mares in Southern Pennsylvania produced what breed that eventually disappeared and never had a breed registry.
A. Conestoga horse
213
1. C1 Q. What is the correct term for the medication referred to by the slang term ?Ace??
A. Acetyl promazine (acepromazine)
214
2. C2 Q. The Tennessee Walking Horse was crossed with what other breed to develop the American Walking Pony?
A. Welsh Pony
215
3. C3 Q. The Chadwick spring provides constant outward pressure on the bars of the foot and would be used for what conformation defect of the hoof?
A. Contracted heels
216
4. C4 Q. In general, what type of muscling is preferred in all breeds?1.) thick, bulging muscle with definition, or 2.) long, clean, well-defined muscle?
A. Long, clean and well-defined
217
5. C1 Q. What anatomic structure is responsible for increasing absorption in the small intestine and is described as tiny, finger-like projections?
A. Villi
218
6. C2 Q. In what specific area of the uterus does the conceptus attach and the fetus develop in a normal horse pregnancy?
A. Uterine horn
219
7. C3 Q. The alkaloid slaframine would result in what symptom in horses grazing red clover affected with black patch?
A. Excessive salivation (slobbers)
220
8. C4 Q. Who is the foundation sire for the American Saddlebred Horse?
A. Denmark
221
9. C1 Q. What is the primary benefit of extruded feed?
A. Improved digestibility
222
10. C2 Q. Ovulation will usually occur within how many days after the discontinuation of treatment with Regumate?
A. Approximately 12 days
223
11. C3 Q. Would the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system be stimulated with the ?fight or flight? instinct?
A. Sympathetic
224
12. C4 Q. What is the correct term for a full turn on the haunches in dressage?
A. Volte
225
13. Q. What are the two functions of the turbinate bones?
A. Warm, hydrate and filter inspired air (only need to give two answers)
226
14. Q. Which pony breed is referred to as the ?living fossil??
A. Exmoor
227
15. Q. (Two Part) The diaphragm is the muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. What serous membrane covers the abdominal surface of the diaphragm and what serous membrane covers the thoracic surface?
A. Abdominal ? peritoneum; thoracis - pleura
228
16. Q. What are the four methods used to breed mares?
A. Pasture breeding, hand breeding, artificial insemination and embryo transfer
229
17. Q. Which two types of white spotting are described as rising up from the underline of the horse?
A. Splashed white and sabino
230
18. Q. What type of knot is used on the end of a rope to keep it from unraveling?
A. Crown knot
231
19. Q. You do the math? You are feeding a weanling that weighs approximately 400 pounds. If you are feeding twice a day and need to feed a total of 1% of the body?How many pounds would you feed in the morning?
A. 2 pounds
232
20. Q. Identify the three gaits of the Paso Fino beginning with the speed that is the fastest and ending with the speed which is slower and more collected.
A. Paso largo, paso corto and paso fino
233
21. Q. Identify three breeds that originated in the United States and were developed from crossing other breeds with Canadian pacers.
A. Standardbred, American Saddlebred and Tennessee Walking Horse
234
22. Q. What is the anatomical name for a natural passageway or opening in the body that blood vessels and nerves pass through?
A. Foramen (also accept foramina)
235
23. Q. Sprinting and galloping can produce an oxygen deficit within skeletal muscle and result in what type of metabolism?
A. Anaerobic
236
24. Q. What is the correct medical terminology for giving birth?
A. Parturition
237
25. Q. For what specific equine competition would you have herd holders?
A. Cutting
238
26. Q. Which two breeds were crossed to develop the Americana?
A. Shetland and Hackney Pony
239
27. Q. Identify two reasons why additional protein is not a desirable source of energy in the athletic horse.
A. Produces excess body heat, increased water loss (due to increased sweating), increased electrolyte deficit, more expensive
240
28. Q. English stagecoaches often were accompanied by a cockhorse that was ridden behind the coach. What was the purpose of the cockhorse?
A. Hitched in front of the team when going up steep hills or heavy going
241
29. Q. The heart, trachea and esophagus are contained in what specific area of the chest cavity?
A. Mediastinum
242
30. Q. Cremello is a double dilution of what color?
A. Chestnut
243
31. Q. Which farrier tool is used to cut hot metal?
A. Hardy
244
32. Q. What breed?s characteristics include a rat tail?
A. Appaloosa
245
1. C1 Q. What is the anatomical term for the hind cannon bone?
A. Large metatarsal or third metatarsal (do not accept third or large metacarpal)
246
2. C2 Q. What does the term open bridle describe?
A. A bridle without blinders or blinkers
247
3. C3 Q. At how many days after ovulation would the embryo be collected from a donor mare for nonsurgical embryo transfer?
A. 6-8 days (accept anything within this range)
248
4. C4 Q. What is the difference in the traditional grooming presentation of a Hackney Pony shown in a ?harness? versus a ?Hackney? class?
A. Ponies are shown with a cob-tail in Hackney classes and a long tail in a harness class
249
5. C1 Q. What is the common term for Enterotoxemia?
A. Overeating disease
250
6. C2 Q. For fire safety, a barn used for hay storage should be located at least how far from other buildings?
A. At least 100 feet
251
7. C3 Q. What type of parasite is only a problem for horses that are being grazed with ruminants?
A. Hairworms (Trichostrongylus axei)
252
8. C4 Q. What is the country of origin for the New Forest Pony?
A. England
253
9. C1 Q. Would front or hind plates have ?jar calks??
A. Front plates (are referred to as heel calks on hind plates)
254
10. C2 Q. What does the slang term ?owl head? describe?
A. A horse that is difficult to train
255
11. C3 Q. When using the Y-Tex Corporation system for freeze branding, the alpha character is used to identify what?
A. Breed of horse (or ?E? if grade or unregistered horse)
256
12. C4 Q. What is the scientific name for the type of bot fly that is associated with eggs that are black and deposited on the lips?
A. Gastrophilus hemorrhoidalis
257
13. Q. Common signs of ocular disease include color changes such as redness or cloudiness, increased tearing and blepharospasm. What is blepharospasm?
A. Squinting or closing the eye (indicates pain)
258
14. Q. You would collect prize money if the horses you bet on placed first and second in the order you predicted if you placed what type of wager?
A. Exacta
259
15. Q. What is the difference between hyperplasia and hypertrophy?
A. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells
260
16. Q. Give four observations that would indicate that a foal with diarrhea would require medical attention.
A. Large amount of diarrhea, Diarrhea contains blood, decreased appetite, fever, depression/lethargy, dehydration, large volume of water in diarrhea
261
17. Q. What is the common term for alpha tocopherol?
A. Vitamin E
262
18. Q. What do the initials NHSRA stand for?
A. National High School Rodeo Association
263
19. Q. In general, what does the suffix ?malacia? describe?
A. Softening
264
20. Q. Identify two equine diseases that are caused by protozoa.
A. Equine Piroplasmosis (Babesiosis), Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM), Giardia Infection (Giardiasis
265
21. Q. (Four Part) In regards to balance, the angle or slope of the shoulder will directly influence the ratio of which two other areas. How are each of these areas altered if the shoulder is longer and more sloping? How do they change if the shoulder is shorter and straighter?
A. Length of back: Length of underline. More slope=length of back is shorter, straighter=length of back is longer, top line of neck-bottom of neck: More slope=top line of neck is longer, straighter=top of neck line is shorter
266
22. Q. Which pony breed has adapted to harsh winter weather with the growth of a cluster of short hairs on the top of the tail that is referred to as an ?ice-tail? or ?snow-chute??
A. Exmoor Pony
267
23. Q. In the zoological classification, what is the order the horse would be included in?
A. Perissodactyla
268
24. Q. Which bacterial disease is called ?shaker foal syndrome? when it affects foals?
A. Botulism
269
25. Q. What term refers to an overhanging of the top lip?
A. Elk lip
270
26. Q. Identify three areas on the horse where a hackamore bit would exert pressure.
A. Nose, face, jaw, chin, poll, cheeks (do not accept mouth)
271
27. Q. Identify the three foundation sires for the Rangerbred Horse.
A. Max, Leopard and Linden Tree
272
28. Q. Combined Immunodeficiency Disease and Epitheliogenesis imperfect would be classified as what type of genetic lethal?
A. Delayed lethal
273
29. Q. You do the math? A foal normally weighs 9-10% of the mare?s body weight. A foal that weighs 50 pounds would indicate that it?s dam weighs how much?
A. 450-500 pounds (accept anything within that range)
274
30. Q. Praziquantel and pyrantel pamoate are both effective for the control of tapeworms. How does the dosage of pyrantel paomate need to be altered when treating tapeworms?
A. Give twice the standard dose
275
31. Q. What term refers to the discipline described as ?gymnastics on horseback??
A. Vaulting
276
32. Q. What are the two types of balance to consider when trimming the hoof?
A. Heel to toe (front to back) and medial/lateral (side to side)
277
1. C1 Q. What is the correct term for the medication referred to by the abbreviation DMSO?
A. Dimethyl sulfoxide
278
2. C2 Q. What is the common term for Lethal White Foal Syndrome?
A. ?Megacolon?
279
3. C3 Q. What color describes a dun with black points and a black dorsal stripe?
A. Coyote dun
280
4. C4 Q. What breed is being described?Sometimes used as a pack animal; dun color with black and silver mane and tail, eel stripe and zebra markings; resembles the wild horses of the Ice Age; country of origin is Norway.
A. Fjord
281
5. C1 Q. Equine supplements that contain valerian root provide what affect?
A. Calming effect, sedative effect, anti-spasmodic effect (only need to give one answer)
282
6. C2 Q. What mineral imbalance results in the condition commonly referred to as ?bob-tail disease??
A. Excess selenium (must designate excess for answer to be correct)
283
7. C3 Q. For an obese horse, weight loss should occur gradually over several months. What amount of weight loss in pounds or what change in the body condition score is recommended in one month?
A. Approximately 50 pounds or one body condition score
284
8. C4 Q. What type of parasite may result in coughing, fever and nasal discharge which is commonly referred to as a ?summer cold? in foals?
A. Roundworms (parascaris equorum)
285
9. C1 Q. In general, what does the term viscera describe?
A. Internal organs
286
10. C2 Q. Which breed was developed by crossing the Thoroughbred and Irish Draft breeds?
A. Irish Hunter
287
11. C3 Q. Horses that are stalled 24 hours a day are more likely to be deficient in which vitamin?
A. Vitamin D
288
12. C4 Q. Halitosis with an odor of garlic would be an indication of what specific mineral toxicity?
A. Selenium
289
13. Q. What omega 3 fatty acid source when added to the diet has recently been identified as providing a significant improvement in sweet itch or other allergic skin conditions?
A. Flaxseed
290
14. Q. What ligament connects the splint bone to the cannon bone?
A. Interosseous ligament
291
15. Q. Identify two systemic fungal diseases that affect horses.
A. Aspergillosis Blastomycosis; coccidiomycosis hisoplasmosis
292
16. Q. Identify three of the five classifications of donkeys according to size.
A. Miniature, small, standard, large standard, mammoth
293
17. Q. What is considered to be the primary reservoir host for rabies in horses?
A. Skunk
294
18. Q. A mare that shows lack of interest to a stallion but is not aggressive toward the stallion would be given what estrus behavioral score?
A. Score of 2
295
19. Q. Hay feeders should be placed at a height no higher than what part of the horse?s anatomy?
A. Shoulder
296
20. Q. Weakening of the broad ligaments can cause a downward tilting of the uterus and can predispose a mare to uterine infections and infertility. Other than injury or illness, identify two things that would contribute to the weakening of these ligaments
A. Age of the mare, number of pregnancies the mare has had
297
21. Q. What is the correct name for the following four vitamins?Vitamin B1, B2, B6 and B12?
A. Vitamin B1 Thiamin; Vitamin B2=Riboflavin, Vitamin B6=Pyridoxine, Vitamin B12= Cobalamin
298
22. Q. What does the slang term dog soldier describe?
A. A stallion that has been cast out from a wild herd
299
23. Q. Clipping along the belly, under the neck and above the thigh is known as what type of body clip?
A. Trace clip
300
24. Q. You do the math? Water hemlock ingestions results in sudden death in horses. Death results after ingestion of as little as 0.1 ounce for each 100 pounds of body weight. A horse that weighs 1000 pounds would be fatally poisoned after consuming how many ounces of water hemlock?
A. Poisoned after ingesting only 1 ounce
301
25. Q. Identify which two grasses are the most palatable.
A. Kentucky bluegrass and timothy
302
26. Q. Identify two types of colic in regards to the position of the small intestine.
A. Displacement, Telescoping (intussusception) or twisting (volvulus)
303
27. Q. Identify four physiological and/or anatomical factors that would indicate a horse?s racing performance or athletic ability.
A. Conformation; oxygen intake ability (respiratory capacity), gait, heart size and heart rate capacity (cardiac capacity) proportion/type muscle fibers
304
28. Q. What part of a decker saddle is described as a heavy canvas or poly cover with a wooden bar at the bottom?
A. Half Breed
305
29. Q. What substance is produced in the body in response to an allergen?
A. Histamine
306
30. Q. How would a base-wide, toe-out conformation affect the break over and landing of the foot?
A. Would break over and land on the inside toe
307
31. Q. What function do the superior labial levator muscles provide?
A. Raise the upper lip
308
32. Q. In regards to the racing industry, what does the expression ?buy a lot? describe?
A. Falling off the horse
309
1. C1 Q. What mineral toxicity is associated with hemochromatosis?
A. Iron
310
2. C2 Q. How does the relative humidity affect length of grazing time?
A. Higher humidity results in longer grazing time
311
3. C3 Q. What is the main purpose of the breeching on a pack saddle when going down a steep hill?
A. To keep the saddle from sliding forward
312
4. C4 Q. Identify the two land masses that were once connected by the Bering Land Bridge.
A. Alaska and Siberia (also accept Alaska and Russia)
313
5. C1 Q. Which pony breed that originated in Norway and Sweden is also known as the Swedish Ardennes?
A. Norwegian Fjord Pony
314
6. C2 Q. In general, what does the suffix ?centesis? describe?
A. Aspiration of fluid
315
7. C3 Q. Under which circumstance is the requirement for magnesium the highest?
A. Lactating mares or exercising horses (only need to give one answer)
316
8. C4 Q. What do the initials OLWS refer to?
A. Overo Lethal White Syndrome
317
9. C1 Q. What term refers to the process of determining various body measurements in order to monitor growth?
A. Morphometrics
318
10. C2 Q. What is the Spanish term for a cinch strap?
A. Latigo
319
11. C3 Q. What is the trade name for the medication that is sometimes used for the prevention of EIPH and is also referred to by the generic name of furosemide?
A. Lasix (also accept Salix)
320
12. C4 Q. Which enzyme in the mouth transforms starch into maltose?
A. Ptyalin
321
13. Q. Give two guidelines for changing the type of hay that is being fed.
A. Mix the old hay with the new hay and change over period of 2 weeks
322
14. Q. The Przewalski?s horse and zebras are affected by which equine genetic disorder?
A. Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (EDM)
323
15. Q. What is the difference between a hybrid and a synthetic breed?
A. Hybrid is the result of crossing 2 different breeds; synthetic is the result of crossing 2 or more breeds and then mating the first generations of those crossbred animals
324
16. Q. (Two Part) Identify three diseases that are caused by a type of Clostridium bacteria and identify the specific type of Clostridium bacteria for each disease.
A. Tetanus ? Clostridium tetani; botulism-clostridium botulinum; enterotoxemia-clostridium perfingens
325
17. Q. In the evolution of the horse, which ancestor was the first to resemble the appearance of a horse and was about the size of a miniature horse?
A. Mesohippus
326
18. Q. Pandiculation is an indication of the well-being of a foal and usually occurs within 4 hours after birth. What is pandiculation?
A. Stretching
327
19. Q. You do the math? If Carrolton Hounds ran 35 hounds at the hunt, how many couple hounds were there?
A. 17 and 1/2 couple hounds
328
20. Q. Identify two of the three acceptable methods for euthanasia for horses.
A. Overdose of barbiturate anesthesia; gunshot; penetrating captive bolt
329
21. Q. Scientific methods make it possible to break down the nutritional components in the equine diet. Identify what each of the following three abbreviations stands for and what specific basic nutrient is indicated. DCP, DCF and DEE
A. DCP = digestible crude protein protein; DCF=digestive crude fiber (carbohydrates); DEE digestive ether extract (fat)
330
22. Q. Intense exercise correlates with an increased incidence of EGUS. What is EGUS?
A. Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome
331
23. Q. What is the common term for dermatitis granulosa?
A. Summer sores
332
24. Q. Identify two advantages of a synthetic saddle.
A. Less expensive, lighter weight, easier to care for
333
25. Q. Ovulation will usually occur in a mare with a large pre-ovulatory follicle within 48 hours after intravenous administration of what commonly used gonadotropin hormone?
A. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
334
26. Q. Identify two types of blood cells produced by the bone marrow.
A. Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
335
27. Q. Heat exhaustion and the more critical condition of heat stroke are terms that describe hyperthermia. Use the following five criteria to differentiate between these two conditions?
1. General behavior, 2. Sweating. 3. Willingness to Drink, 4. Gut Sounds, 5. Response of heart and respiratory rate to cooling effects. Heat exhaustion: tired but alert, sweating, willing to drink, good gut sounds, responds to cooling. Heat Stroke: Depressed, unwilling to drink, poor gut sounds, does not respond to cooling, absence of sweating
336
28. Q. The Russian equestrian sport of kabakhi is ridden at a full gallop and includes what other type of sport?
A. Archery
337
29. Q. Horses with Equine Metabolic Syndrome can be differentiated from other obese horses by what characteristic regional adiposity?
A. Fat deposits located in the crest of the neck and tail head (only need to identify one of these two areas for a correct answer)
338
30. Q. You are the farrier shoeing a base-narrow toe-out conformation horse. Which shoe modification would be most appropriate for this horse?rolled toe, raised inside branch, or outside toe extension?
A. Outside toe extension
339
31. Q. Exercises that include circles, serpentines and half turns would be included in what specific type of suppling exercises?
A. Lateral
340
32. Q. What is the correct medical terminology for the long, wavy, non-shedding hair coat associated with Equine Cushing?s Disease?
A. Hirsutism
341
1. Q. Identify four different variations of the rings on snaffle bits.
A. D-ring, Egg butt, half cheek, loose ring (o-ring), full cheek
342
2. Q. Other than infection, identify four problems that would result in a FPT or ?failure of passive transfer? foal.
A. Mare that grazed endophyte-infested fescue, maiden mare, low immunoglobulin G in colostrum, mare that is leaking milk longer than 24 hours before foaling, mare that rejects foal, weak foal that is unable to stand, foal that lacks suckling reflecx
343
3. Q. Identify three genetic disorders that primarily affect draft breeds.
A. Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (JEB); aniridia, epitheliogenesis imperfecta, rhabdomyolysis (Monday morning disease, azoturia)
344
4. Q. What are the two predominant sire lines for Standarbred pacers and the two predominant sire line for Standarbred trotters?
A. Pacers ? The Direct and The Abbe lines; Trotters-The Axworthly and Peter the Great lines
345
1. Q. What are the two general types of chronic exertional rhabdomyloysis?
A. Recurrent exertional rhabdomyloysis (RER), polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM)
346
2. Q. Which two hormones are produced by the adrenal glands?
A. Epinephrine (adrenaline) and corticoids (also accept glucocorticoids,
347
3. Q. The two semilunar valves are located between what specific structures?
A. Right ventricle and pulmonary artery; left ventricle and aorta
348
4. Q. Which two external parasites are intermediate hosts for habronemiasis?
A. House fly and stable fly
349
1. Q. For what maximum period of time after parturition would the foal be able to absorb the immunoglobulins in colostrum?
A. up to 12-36 hours after birth (accept anything within this range)
350
2. Q. What breed is often confused with the Appaloosa because most are spotted?
A. Rangerbred Horse
351
3. Q. In the hind legs, what is the anatomical term for the short pastern bones?
A. Middle phalanx or Second phalanx
352
4. Q. What term describes plant toxins that cross the placental barrier during pregnancy and cause defects in the foal?
A. Teratogenic
353
5. Q. What is the contributing factor to the condition known as anaphylaxis?
A. Severe allergy
354
1. Q. What term describes the breakdown of feed into its smaller components?
A. Digestion
355
2. Q. In general, what is the expected effect of an antipyretic medication ?
A. Fever reduction (also accept increases heat loss; reduces heat production)
356
3. Q. What is the toxin in white snakeroot?
A. Tremetol
357
4. Q. What type of activity would you use an Association saddle for?
A. Rodeo events
358