Flashcards in Conformation Deck (64):
1
What is the abnormal contraction of the heel?
Contracted feet
Source: Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 13
2
Name 3 common faults in the foot corrected by trimming?
Splayfoot, pigeon toe, quarter crack, cocked angles, contracted heels
Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 49
3
If a horse is parrot mouthed, what does that mean?
The lower jaw is shorter than the upper jaw
Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 10 / Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 13
4
Which is a more serious condition, toed-in or toed-out?
Toed-out
Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 151
5
What is coon footed?
Long sloping pasterns throwing fetlocks low
Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 8
6
What is splayfoot?
It is when the front toes are turned out and the heels are turned in
Source: Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 458
7
What is it called when the angle of the foot is noticeably less than 45 degrees?
Flat feet
Source: Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 109
8
The back of the horse carries the weight of the rider. A concave or sagging back is termed what?
Swayback
Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 152
9
What term describes a horse that is low in the withers with heavy shoulder muscling?
Mutton withered
Source: Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 184
10
What is buck-kneed?
Knees bent forward or over at the knees
Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-5
11
Name two conformation faults associated with the stifle.
Straight behind, standing under behind, camped behind
12
Knock knees or bench knees are conformation faults that are visible from the.....?
Front
Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 12 / AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-5
13
Structure, form and symmetrical arrangement of parts as applied to a horse is referred to as what?
Conformation
Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 8
14
When buying a horse, how should the height of the croup compare to the height of the withers?
The should be the same
Source: Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 34
15
Is parrot mouth a genetic defect?
Yes
Source: Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 60
16
What is a bench knee?
The cannon bone is not centered in the knee as viewed from the front
Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 147
17
What term describes ears that are carried in a loose, inattentive, sluggish manner?
Lopped ears
Source: Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 172
18
A heavy neck which breaks and falls to one side is called what?
Broken crest
Source: Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 40
19
What is the conformation fault in which the knees are bent forward?
Buck-kneed
Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-5
20
What is calf-kneed?
Knees bent backward
Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-6
21
Referring to horses, what is a hand?
A measurement of height; one hand equals 4 inches
Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 139
22
What is the hardest working joint in the horse's legs?
Hock
Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 154
23
What is tucked up?
Thin & cut up in the flank like a greyhound
Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 4
24
What is the term for flat-ribbed?
Slab-sided
Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 9
25
At what angle should the head join the neck?
45 degrees
Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 10
26
What is the term for protruding eyes?
Bug-eyed or bovine eyes
Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 144
27
What is cow-hocked?
Hocks close together, feet wide apart
Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 9
28
Describe goose-rumped.
A croup that slopes and tapers from the hip to the buttocks
Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 154
29
What is the difference between splayfooted & pigeon-toed?
Splayfoot - front toes turned out
Pigeon-toed - front toes turned in
Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-1,2
30
What is roman-nosed?
Face is convex
Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 220-4 / Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 10
31
Name an undesirable trait of the croup?
Goose rumped
Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 154
32
What is the most common defect in the rear legs?
Cow hocked
Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-6
33
Why should the bottom line of a horse be longer than the top line?
To allow for a longer stride
Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 220-6
34
Why shouldn't a horse have low, flat withers?
They don't hold a saddle well
Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 220-6
35
What is the term for a horse having a short, steep croup?
Goose-rumped
Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 9
36
What is the term for a horse with too little angle at the hock?
Post-legged
Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 11
37
What is the term for a horse with too much angle at the hock?
Sickle-hocked
Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 11
38
What is the ideal angle of hoof to ground?
45 degrees
Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 11
39
What is paunchy?
Too much belly
Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 9
40
What is the term for a thin, sharp, arched back?
Roached back
Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 9
41
Describe phenotype.
The way the horse looks on the outside
Source: Equine Science, Griffiths, p. 91
42
What are mutton withers?
Low, flat withers OR round, thick
Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 151
43
Describe swayback.
Concave or sagging back
Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 152
44
Describe roached back.
Convex appearance of back
Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 152
45
Describe the saddling problem that occurs with a mutton withered horse.
The saddle slips and will not stay in place
Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 151
46
What term means that a horse is proportionally as long as it is tall?
Balanced
Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 133
47
Besides supporting the weight of the saddle & rider, what is another reason that the loin should be short & strong?
Carries power from the hind legs forward
Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 220-6
48
Define the term "camped out behind".
Entire forelimb is too far forward and away from the body
Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-5
49
A horse whose hocks are too far apart with his feet set close together is said to be what?
Bow-legged or out at the hock
Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-7
50
Name one desirable characteristic of the rear quarters as viewed from the side or rear.
Should appear square
Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 220-7
51
To evaluate conformation, it is necessary to know what?
The parts of the horse
Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 220-3
52
What does the term Roached Back mean?
Having a thin, sharp, arched back
Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 9
53
Name one area of the hindquarters where the muscle should have thickness.
Thigh, stifle, gaskin
Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 153-154
54
Name one characteristic you want in a horse's eye.
Large, clear, set wide apart, bright, bold, alert, soft, kind
Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 220-4
55
Body type, color patterns, gaits & way of going are examples of what type of characteristics?
Breed characteristics
Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 220-8
56
Define base narrow.
Horse stands closer at the ground than at the origin of the legs in the chest
Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-2
57
Describe the "bow-legged" horse.
Wide at the knees, narrower at the feet
Source: Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 514
58
Base wide, narrow-chested horses have feet that are usually what?
Toed out
Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-3
59
What is monkey-mouthed?
Undershot jaw
Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 220-4
60
In reference to conformation, describe a horse that is "built downhill".
Height at hip is higher than the height of withers
Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 135
61
What is the term for the physical appearance of an animal?
Conformation
Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 220-1
62
What is goose rumped?
Having short, steep croup
Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 9
63
What does it mean if a horse is slab sided?
Flat ribbed
Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 9
64