Kentucky-Senior-Anatomy Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
How much does the hoof wall grow per month?
A
1/8 to 1/2 inch
2
Q
What sense in the horse functions with the following components: an auricle, tympanic cavity,
anvil, hammer and stirrup?
A
Hearing
3
Q
Do the front legs or hind legs have the most joints in it?
A
Hind (7)
4
Q
Which is a more serious condition, toed-in or toed-out?
A
Toed-out
5
Q
What is the junction of the wall and the sole called?
A
White line
6
Q
What term describes a horse that has a complete set of permanent incisors?
A
Full mouth
7
Q
What describes the point of the frog towards to the toe?
A
Apex
8
Q
The horse has how many cervical vertebrae?
A
Seven
9
Q
What is the largest tissue mass in the horse’s body?
A
Muscles
10
Q
What is the external part of the ear called?
A
Auricle
11
Q
The first upper premolars are also called what?
A
Wolf teeth
12
Q
What part of the horse’s skeleton consists of the skull, spinal column, ribs and
breastbone?
A
Trunk
13
Q
Name the rear teeth or grinding teeth of the horse.
A
Molars
14
Q
How many bones does the horse have?
A
205
15
Q
How many teeth does a mature male horse have?
A
40
16
Q
What is the name of the first cervical vertebrae?
A
Atlas
17
Q
Name the cone-shaped muscular organ located between the lungs which propels blood
by alternate muscular contraction and relaxation.
A
Heart
18
Q
What is the function of the short bones?
A
To absorb concussion
19
Q
What and where is the ergot?
A
Small round, horny growth at the back of a horse’s fetlock.
20
Q
What are ossified lateral cartilages immediately above and toward the rear quarter of the
hoof head?
A
Sidebones
21
Q
How many chambers in a horse’s heart?
A
Four
22
Q
The increased height of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th thoracic vertebrae make up the what?
A
The withers
23
Q
What should be the widest part of the hindquarters?
A
The stifle
24
Q
What is made possible by the action of bone levers, joint hinges, and tendon cables, and
the contraction of muscles?
A
Motion
25
Which jaw is wider in the horse, upper or lower?
Upper
26
Where do splints usually occur and why?
On the inside of the front legs because they receive the most weight
27
Where are the uterine horns located?
The abdominal cavity
28
Name the largest bone in the horse's face.
Mandible (lower jaw bone)
29
In what area of the horse would you find the pectoral muscles?
Chest
30
What is the horse's counterpart to the human knee?
The stifle
31
How many muscles control the movement of the horse's eyeball?
7
32
Name the bone of the foot enclosed within the hoof.
Coffin bone
33
How many bones compose the sternum?
1
34
The V shaped pad in the middle of the sole.
Frog
35
This term refers to the smooth biting surface of the upper and lower incisors after the cups have
disappeared at 12 years of age.
Smooth mouth
36
What joint is commonly referred to as the yes-no joint?
The atlas-axis joint (joint between the 1st and 2nd vertebrae)
37
How are the muscles in the horse classified?
Smooth, cardiac and skeletal
38
What is the triangular sesamoid bone situated at the front of the stifle?
Patella or knee cap
39
What term is used to describe a foot axis of 60 degrees or more?
Club Foot
40
T/F The frog is relatively soft because it contains approximately 50 percent water.
True
41
The navicular bone and bursa are associated with which tendon?
Deep flexor tendon
42
What are the three weight bearing structures of the foot?
Wall, bars, and frog
43
What percent of a horse's weight is carried on its forequarters?
60-65%
44
Besides the star, name four other markings on the face.
Stripe, blaze, snip, bald face, star and stripe,flame
45
What is the common name of the scapula?
Shoulder blade
46
What three items make up the central nervous system?
Brain, brain stem, spinal cord
47
Where would one find the coccygeal vertebrae part of the spinal column?
Tail, caudal
48
What is another name of the distal sesamoid bone?
Navicular bone
49
What is the structure that surrounds and protects the eye?
Orbital cavity
50
What is the name of the tract that is a musculo-membranous tube that extends from the
mouth to the anus?
Gastrointestinal tract
51
What are the two functions of the body of the horse?
Contains vital organs, supports the rider's weight; transmits the propulsion of the rear quarters
52
What structure begins the healing process when a bone fracture occurs?
Periosteum
53
Dark spots on a white coronet band are called what?
Distal spots
54
What is the lining of the abdominal wall called?
Peritoneum
55
The walls of the heart are composed of three layers. What are they?
Pericardium
Endocardium
Myocardium
56
What are the small extensions of bone on each side of the coffin bone called?
Wings of the coffin bone
57
Which artery carries oxygen poor blood from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary
58
Q.: The blood supply to the foot is furnished by what two digital arteries?
A.: Medial and lateral
59
Q.: What is osteomalacia?
A.: Soft bones
60
Q.: What is the primary function of the sole of the horse's foot?
A.: To protect the sensitive inner foot parts from injury by hard objects on the ground
61
Q.: What is the pharynx?
A.: The opening between the nasal passages
62
Q.: What acts as a splint to prevent displacement of the fibula?
A.: Tibia
63
Q.: What is the main bone in the Gaskin?
A.: Tibia
64
Q.: What is a common name for the distal sesamoid bone?
A.: Shuttle or Navicular bone
65
Q.: Equus appeared in what epoch?
A.: Pleistocene Epoch
66
Q.: What is a common name for torticollis?
A.: Dropped neck or bent back
67
Q.: How is the scapula attached to the vertebral column?
A.: Muscular sling - by muscle; no bone connection
68
Q.: What does the term "roached back" mean when describing a horse?
A.: That the horse has a thin, sharp, arched back
69
Q.: The inflammation affecting the fine membrane that lines the chest and covers the lungs is known as what?
A.: Pleurisy, Pleuritis
70
Q.: What is the largest ligament found in the leg?
A.: Suspensory ligament
71
Q.: If something was said to be intercostal, where would it be located?
A.: Between the ribs
72
Q.: What is the proper name for the horse's shoulder blade?
A.: Scapula
73
Q.: What is the horse's auricle?
A.: External ear, or heart chamber
74
Q.: Muscles are attached to bones by what?
A.: Tendons
75
Q.: The ossa coxarum of a horse is also known as what?
A.: The pelvis or hipbones
76
Q.: Name the four major parts of the hoof.
A.: Bones, elastic structure, sensitive area, horny wall
77
Q.: What is olecranon bursitis?
A.: Capped elbow or shoe boil
78
Q.: Where is the hypothalamus located?
A.: At the base of the brain
79
Q.: What is the difference between the 8 pairs of true ribs and the remaining 10 pairs of floating ribs?
A.: The true ribs join segments of the sternum (Breast bone) the floating ribs overlap and attach to each other
80
Q.: How many carpal bones are there in the knee and how are they arranged?
A.: 8 carpal bones, arranged in two rows consisting of 3 articulating surfaces
81
Q.: What is the fluid-filled space between the iris and cornea called?
A.: Anterior chamber
82
Q.: How many turbinates are in each nostril?
A.: Three
83
Q.: In what part of the body would one find the nictitating membrane?
A.: In the eye (the haw or third eyelid)
84
Q.: Why is the lower leg of the horse used to estimate bone quality?
A.: No muscle there
85
Q.: If a horse is sickle-hocked, excessive strain will be placed on what ligament?
A.: The plantar ligament at the rear of the hock
86
Q.: Name three cranial nerves.
A.: Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial,
87
Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Accessory, Hypoglossal, Vagus
Q.: Which teeth have a dental star?
88
A.: (Permanent) Incisors
Q.: What are the five divisions of the vertebral column and how many bones does each area
89
Q.: What are the five divisions of the vertebral column and how many bones does each area contain?
A.: Cervical or neck - 7; dorsal or back - 18; lumbar or loin - 6; Coccygeal or tail - 18; sacrum or croup - 6
90
Q.: The frontal, inferior maxillary and superior maxillary all refer to what in the horse?
A.: The three sinuses
91
Q.: Name the seven joints in the hind quarter.
A.: Sacro-iliac, Hip, Stifle, Hock, Fetlock, Pastern, Coffin
92
Q.: These two joints in the rear leg have reciprocal action. Name them.
A.: Hock and stifle
93
Q.: What is the white line in the hoof?
A.: Junction between the sensitive and insensitive laminae
94
Q.: What is the purpose of the nictitating membrane in the horse?
A.: To wipe foreign objects from the eye
95
Q.: As you know, the muscles of the horse's body are classified as smooth, cardiac, and skeletal. Which are involuntary and which are voluntary?
A.: Smooth - involuntary ; Cardiac - involuntary; Skeletal - voluntary
96
Q.: What is the track-like structure on which the patella rides ?
A.: Trochlea
97
Q.: The skeletal system is divided into 6 areas in Horses and Horsemanship by Ensminger, what two areas each contain 40 bones?
A.: Thoracic Limbs and Pelvic Limbs
98
Q.: Name the ductless gland located in the upper part of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm.
A.: Spleen
99
Q.: This fluid fills the sheaths which fits around the tendons and lines the inside of joints. What is it called?
A.: Synovial fluid
100
Q.: The exposed tip of the pulp cavity which appears between the area of the cup and the front of the tooth is known as what?
A.: Dental star
101
Q.: What are the four different types of bones in the body of the horse and what is their function?
A.: Long Bones - function chiefly as levers and aid in the support of weight and locomotion; Short Bones - absorb concussion; Flat Bones - enclose the cavities contain vital organs; Irregular Bones - Protect central nervous system
102
Q.: Name the three layers of the wall surrounding the heart.
A.: Pericardium, myocardium, endocardium
103
Q.: Gonitis affects what part of the horse?
A.: The stifle joint
104
Q.: A cataract is formed when what portion of the eye becomes opaque?
A.: The lens
105
Q.: What is the difference between luxation and subluxation?
A.: A partial dislocation of a joint is subluxation; complete is luxation
106
Q.: What is the name and function of the substance contained in the anterior chamber of the eye?
A.: Aqueous humor - circulates through chambers, aiding nutrition and vision, retains shape of eye, refracts light
107
Q.: Name the three bones within the hoof.
A.: Short Pastern Bone, Coffin Bone, Navicular Bone
108
Q.: Specifically, what part of the foot produces the periople?
A.: Perioplic Corium
109
Q.: What are the first two cervical vertebrae called?
A.: Atlas & axis
110
Q.: What is the name of the flap of tissue that covers the opening into the windpipe during swallowing?
A.: Epiglottis
111
Q.: What is the name of the longest and largest muscle in the body of the horse?
A.: Longissimus dorsi
112
Q.: If something was said to be interosseus where would it be located on the horse?
A.: Between bones
